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• W2189367667 abstract "Alloparental care, in which adults provide care for young that are not genetically related tothem, is widespread in birds and mammals. Caring for unrelated young appears todecrease the fitness of adopters and thus the behavior is difficult to explain based onclassic evolutionary theory. I studied the evolutionary significance of adoption in avocets(Recurvirostra avosetta), a large-sized shorebird breeding on alkaline lakes in Hungarybetween 1998 and 2000. Thirteen percent of the chicks were adopted chicks and 21% ofthe avocet families contained adopted young. Most adopted chicks left their own family togain adoption elsewhere, whereas some chicks were left behind by their parents. Morechicks survived in larger broods than in smaller ones. The survival of chicks that left theirown family and their siblings remaining in the brood did not differ, whereas chicks thatwere left behind reached the same survival as their siblings in the natal brood. The qualityof the adults was also important, because pairs that later adopted chicks laid their eggsearlier, occupied better territories and fledged more young than did non-adopting pairs.Experimentally enlarged broods fledged more young than did modified or control broodsin high predation sites. Incubating experimentally enlarged clutches of eggs requiredhigher energy expenditure by parents. Therefore, I concluded that adoption may be ameans to increase the size of the brood for certain, high-quality pairs without incurring thecosts of producing and incubating more eggs. Adoption appears to provide fitness benefitsto the adopting parents via an increase in brood size. However, adoption is not for everyadult; several correlative results and indirect evidence suggest that only high quality adultsadopt. In conclusion, this study uncovered an interesting complexity underlying anapparently erroneous behavior in the parental care system of avocets. The findingscontribute to an understanding of the evolution of the different forms of parental care andthrow light on the possible evolutionary mechanisms that led to the current diversity ofreproductive strategies in birds." @default.
• W2189367667 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2189367667 creator A5084700191 @default.
• W2189367667 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W2189367667 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2189367667 title "Adopting behavior and breeding biology of avocets: benefits of large broods for good parents?" @default.
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