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• W2189483214 abstract "Using carefully constructed critical incidents involving conflictual situations between the respondents and peers, siblings, parents and authority figures, this study aimed to investigate young male offenders' preferences for conflict resolution and their attributions for the cause of conflict. The instrumentation consisted of twelve incidents to test conflict resolution preferences and one incident to determine locus, stability and controllability of causation. Two male offending populations were included in the study. The first was 58 mid-adolescent males in detention and the second was 38 older adolescent males on probation. Conflict resolution preferences were classified as passive or aggressive. In both populations, the preferences for each type were approximately evenly divided. Probationers tended to adopt more compromising methods and less physically aggressive strategies than Detainees. Both groups placed a high priority on passive solutions with the parents. In situations involving peer conflict, particularly direct challenges from peers, the preferred solution was usually aggressive and mostly physical. With regard to causal attributions, there are no differences in the attributions made by adolescents in detention or on probation. Despite the absence of benchmark data from adolescent males not involved with the justice system, it appears that the detainees and probationers attribute the cause of accidents to external sources, feel they have very little control over such events and view the regular occurrence of these mishaps as inevitable. Bailey & EUtrman: Coping and Conflict Rtiolution Slrattguf of Young Ojjtndan Page: 11 For submission to Youth Studies Communication Needs of Young Males in Detention and on Probation Jeff Bailey and Rath Ellerman Adolescents in detention are often reported as having low levels of literacy, communication and social skills. This study consisted of a needs analysis of communication for young male adolescents in detention and older previous offenders on probation. The respondents were asked to express their level of interest in learning more about four areas of communication: how to ask adults for help without appearing stupid; body language; expressing anger to an adult in socially acceptable ways; how to accept blame; The level of interest was: not interested; some interest; fairly interested; very interested. The results showed no difference between adolescents in detention or on probation for their need to improve communication. Approximately 60% of the population expressed a Fair or Very Great degree of interest in learning more about communicating effectively. It is recommended that further needs analyses be undertaken, that the communication skills of adolescents in detention be improved and that the effects of this improvement be measured in terms of future conflicts with the justice system. Bailfy & Ellerman: Coping and Conflict Rttolulion SlnUigiei of Young Offindtn Page: 12 Conclusion to the Report In conclusion, this study has proved to be useful in providing a methodology to examine the psychological make-up offenders and it has yielded some useful insights into how young offenders view the world. It is clear that they have a mixed approach to solving conflict, with immediate resort to physical strategies with peers, but with more passive approaches to authority figures and, particularly to parents. In terms of how they deal with conflict, there are few noticeable differences between youth in detention and youth on probation . Certainly, the older group appeared to be more willing to compromise but the preferred choices for resolving arguments are still quite aggressive and socially maladaptive. In terms of attributing causes to incidents, both populations are virtually identical. They express a moderate level of acceptance of the problem but some data suggest that these youth feel they have little control over events. There is a definite need to follow this conclusion through, particularly to determine whether, through courses and counselling, it is possible to change this attitude. Finally, the needs analysis showed that all these offenders are keen to learn how to cope with their emotions and how to communicate with others in ways which will enhance acceptance and mutual respect. The lesson for the research team is that these offenders and probationers are very similar in many ways. The effect of detention does not seem to have changed the basic way they see life, particularly how they view conflict situations. Even though offenders do not accept blame readily and feel they cannot control events in their lives, they are keen to change and improve. Another continuing problem is the influence of inappropriate methods of solving conflict, accurately assessing blame and knowing how to communicate effectively on the offenders' success in gaining and maintaining employment. It is likely that their communicative and social skills will continue to cause problems for them in vocational opportunities. Finally, there is a serious concern with the literacy of young offenders. While this problem is recognized by most juvenile justice researchers, and while it was not the concern of this study, it is important to understand the extent of literacy problems and the impact of low levels of literacy on the self-concept and employability of offenders. If they lack the basic skills required to function effectively in the mainstream of society, it is clear that young offenders will always be marginalised. Marginalisation engenders a commitment to values which are inimical to full acceptance by society and which will ensure that these offenders maintain patterns of behaviour which will ultimately cause them to re-offend. Bailty & Etttrman: Coping and Conflict Resolution Strategies of Young Offenders Page: 13 This study lends encouragement to the corrective services system to take advantage of the opportunity to improve the communicative and social capacities of offending youth. Such programs, if effectively implemented, should mean that these youth will reduce their current socially unacceptable ways of dealing with conflict. The likelihood is, of course, that maintenance of inappropriate communicative and social behaviour will bring these youth to the attention of the justice system repeatedly. If these premises are correct, the continuing lack of communicative facility and social skills may prove to be decisive factors in recidivism in young Australian males. Bailty & BlUrman: Coping and Conflict Rtiolution StnUegui of young Offtndm Pagt: 14" @default.
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• W2189483214 title "Conflict Resolution and Causal Attribution in Adolescent Offenders" @default.
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