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• W2189513818 abstract "Natural selection operates at the life history level to maximize the numberofsurviving offspring. Life history characteristics will vary in consistent patterns to meet this constraint. When theoretical patterns in life histories were investigated in terms of rand K selection and compared with actual trends in life history characteristics of fishes, the agreement between observed and predicted trends was significant. The effects of harvesting on stocks with these life history trends were investigated and it was found that K selected type species would be highly sensitive to overnshing and, once depleted, recovery would require a long time. The ecological and genetic properties of a species are intimately linked. The morphological and re­ productive characteristics, population sizes, and genetic frequencies ofspecies are adjusted to their environments by natural selection. Species in­ habiting different environments show different patterns of life history characteristics. The rela­ tionship among habitat, ecological strategies, and population parameters has been termed rand K selection (MacArthur and Wilson 1967) and/or op­ timallife histories (Gadgil and Bossert 1970). This body of theory is based on the assumption that natural selection operates on these characteristics in order to maximize the number of surviving offspring produced. Under an environmental re­ gime with a large component of unpredictable, nonselective, mortality an organism will allocate a larger portion of its resources to reproductive activities (anr strategist). Conversely the optimal allocation of resources for a population subjected to a high proportion ofpredictable, selective mor­ tality will be toward increasing individual fitness, frequently through competitive ability (a K strategist). With the number and variability of factors operating on any particular species, no species is going to be an r or K strategist in an absolute sense. A species will only occupy a rela­ tive position on the r andK continuum. In fisheries biology, the value of comparative studies of life history parameters has long been recognized (Holt 1962; Beverton 1963; Cushing 1971; Alverson and Carney 1975). These life his" @default.
• W2189513818 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2189513818 date "1980-01-01" @default.
• W2189513818 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W2189513818 title "LIFE HISTORY PATTERNS IN MARINE FISHES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT" @default.
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