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• W219352142 abstract "Abstract: One way to define the uniqueness of Mennonite literature is to identify its recurring archetypes. This article discusses ten archetypes, almost all of which have also been depicted in familiar visual images---testimony to the archetypes' importance in an otherwise image-shy Mennonite culture. Menno Simons, in his cultural roles of trickster deceiver and trickster subverter, is the dominant archetype. He serves Mennonite culture in the same way that Henry Louis Gates says the Yoruba divine trickster Esu-Elegbara illuminates the theory and criticism of African-American literature. ********** Most recent theoretical discussions of the nature of Mennonite literature have been concerned with the relationship between the writer and the community. (1) Insofar as these discussions have analyzed the writer's depiction in literary works of the Mennonite community, they have focused on the literature itself. (2) But more often they have been concerned with the relationship of the writer to the actual Mennonite community and have therefore emphasized moral and sociological concerns extrinsic to the literature itself. If Mennonite literature is to develop a tradition of literary criticism that is as good as the literature itself, then we need to consider more fully what might be the elements of content and style that distinguish Mennonite literature both from the literature of mainstream English culture and from the literature of other ethnic groups. (3) To that end, I will address the basic question of what distinctive archetypes we might expect to find in literature written by Mennonites, whether that literature depicts literal Mennonite experience or experience that is not overtly Mennonite. As my title indicates, I take my model from The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism (1988) by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., which is the most creative and ambitious attempt thus far to define the uniqueness of an ethnic group's literary tradition-including content, genres, rhetoric and hermeneutic. (4) Although I will pursue a different and more limited concern-and in a less dazzling, more Mennonite-plain manner-I take my inspiration from Gates's statement: Each literary tradition, at least implicitly, contains within it an argument for how it can be read (xx). and from his quotation of Paulin J. Hountondji, who said that African literature: must promote within African society itself a theoretical debate of its own that is capable of developing its themes and problems autonomously instead of remaining a remote appendix to European theoretical and scientific debate (xx). Of course, Mennonite culture is inherently more European, and certainly less separated by race from mainstream culture, than is African-American literature. Nevertheless, if we are indeed a distinct ethnic group--as we think we are, and as I will also demonstrate--then our theoretical literary concerns must match those of Gates and Hountondji. We must at least begin by assuming that both we and our literature are different and then set about speculating on the nature of those differences. In trying to identify outstanding archetypes in Mennonite literature, I have limited my analysis to those archetypes that are embodied in more or less well known visual images from traditional Mennonite culture. If we assume that Mennonite theology has tended to be image-denying--even, at times, iconoclastic--then those relatively few images that we have created or adopted and passed down through generations must embody experiences and ideas that are very important for us. In language, a speech community always creates a word to encapsulate complex, distinctive experiences and ideas that often arise in discussion. Hence our typical, specialized vocabulary of terms such as Gelassenheit, Gemeinde, Hochmut, Demut, community, discipleship, etc. How much more impressive is it, therefore, when our image-shy culture embodies crucial, recurring ideas and experiences in visual images. …" @default.
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• W219352142 date "1998-10-01" @default.
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• W219352142 title "The signifying Menno : Archetypes for authors and critics" @default.
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