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• W2194185890 abstract "The Ideal Refugees: Gender, Islam, and Sahrawi Politics of Survival. By Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2014. Pp. xvi, 329; illustrations, maps, glossary, bibliography. $39.95 cloth.Since beginning of Western Sahara conflict in late 1975, which resulted in forcible relocation of much of indigenous population of former Spanish colony to refugee camps in southwestern Algeria after Morocco invaded territory, high degree of organization, attempts at self-sufficiency, and ostensibly outsized position accorded Sahrawi have been key factors in attracting external support for their selfdetermination effort, led by pro-independence Polisario Front. In that sense, Elena Fiddian-Qasmiyeh argues in her book, Sahrawis constitute ideal refugees in eyes of Western observers, aided by what author believes is Polisario's conscious policy to project a tribally and sexually egalitarian image as part of front's politics of survival (p. 3). The author, a lecturer at Refugee Studies Center at Oxford University, seeks to debunk what she terms the externally projected portrayal of Sahrawi as ideal, empowered, and unique refugee women (p. 9). That protrayal, in parallel with Polisario's endeavor to make its female population hypervisible, wittingly or otherwise makes other Western Saharan refugees (including some males), invisible (p. 46). As we shall see, however, in spite of high degree of plausibility of her arguments, FiddianQasmiyeh's thesis falls somewhat short of being convincing, marred by a dense and polemical presentation as well as an apparent willingness to believe worst concerning just about every relevant actor.After setting forth a general history of Western Sahara dispute as well as an account of Sahrawi life under Spanish colonial rule, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh gets down to her primary task of challenging received wisdom of what life is like in post-1975 refugee environment. Among her points: that Polisario Front's camp structure/administration has not been democratic or egalitarian as these terms are generally understood (and she correctly identifies Prof. Stephen Zunes as one of primary Western exponents of this view during 1980's when Polisario was at its most authoritarian); that men, even at height of armed conflict with Morocco from 1975 to 1991, were in fact present in camps and in her view actually ran affairs there; that refugee camps were never materially self-sufficient and were/are dependent upon external solidarity groups and networks (the author focuses mainly on Spanish, Cuban, and South African NGOs); and that egalitarian Polisario discourse masks serious socioeconomic divisions in Sahrawi society.These observations have an undeniable validity. But they are rendered less surprising by realization, made over a period of several decades by many independent commentators, that none of them are in least novel. Women, for example, were not present in any strength in Polisario's actual governing structures until twenty-first century, that tribal differences always existed amongst refugees, which contributed to a near revolt in 1988-1989 that forced front to democratize, and that despite a valiant effort to grow food and raise poultry at a variety of installations in desert, Sahrawis do remain dependent on generosity of outsiders for their daily sustenance (pp. 105-25). All these factors have been present and known from outset of conflict, and it is worth observing here that given dependency situation in camps, Polisario would have been remiss if it had not used every arrow in its quiver, so to speak-including its supposedly democratic structures and a privileged space accorded to women-to secure support for what it credibly sees as an existential struggle.From Chapter 3 to end of volume, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh concentrates on situation confronting Sahrawi women. …" @default.
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• W2194185890 date "2015-01-01" @default.
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• W2194185890 title "The Ideal Refugees: Gender, Islam, and the Sahrawi Politics of Survival" @default.
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