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• W2196419694 abstract "The purpose of this study was to learn more about the significant drivers of ebb-tidal delta morphology using observational methods and fundamental physical relationships between forcing conditions and morphological response. Two techniques were adapted in a novel way to study the dynamics of geomorphic features at an ebb-tidal delta. A 5-year long record of video imagery was used to observe a natural mixed-energy ebb-tidal delta in the field. A semi-analytical ebb-jet model, which was coupled to an exploratory morphological model, was developed and used to explore the interactions between tidal currents, waves, and morphology, and to test the sensitivity of morphological development and response to changes in forcing conditions.A detailed video-based observational record was used to identify and track geomorphic features over 5 years at an ebb-tidal delta on the energetic west coast of New Zealand at Raglan by using depth-limited wave-breaking patterns as a proxy for the position of shallow sandbars. Oblique 20-minute averaged time-exposure images were geo-rectified to provide detailed spatial measurements of ebb-tidal delta features such as the terminal lobe, mouth bar, channel margin linear bars (or levees), and swash bars over the 5-year duration. Movements of these features were quantified and related to wave and tidal forcing, including seasonal and interannual trends in wave climate. In general, the low-energy restorative summer waves led to a more cuspate terminal lobe, while in the high-energy erosive winter waves straightened the terminal lobe and moved it further seaward than the long-term average. Movements throughout the delta were intermittent between less active periods, with the fastest swash bar migrations occurring during the transition between seasons, namely winter to spring and summer to autumn.A semi-analytical model for ebbing tidal jet flow was developed based on the balance of momentum between inertia, bed friction, turbulent mixing, and wave effects. Previous analytical jet models (Ozsoy and Unluata, 1982; Joshi, 1982) were extended to include the effects of directly opposing breaking waves. The model was calibrated and compared with scaled laboratory measurements (Ismail and Wiegel, 1983) and numerical simulations (Nardin et al., 2013) of river jets flowing over flat bathymetry with non-breaking waves, and with detailed field measurements of jet flow and wave dissipation at New River Inlet, North Carolina (e.g. Wargula et al., 2014). The jet model demonstrated the influence of opposing breaking waves on ebb-jet currents and jet width, along with the emergence of a point of flow convergence. The contribution of wave effects to the momentum balance were shown to impact the rapid slowing of jet flow, overall extent of an ebb-jet, and increase the jet width agreeing with previous studies (Nardin and Fagherazzi 2012; Nardin et al., 2013; Olabarrietta et al., 2014). Using a channelization parameter to emulate the ability of channel levees to constrain jet spreading, the model was calibrated…" @default.
• W2196419694 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2196419694 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2196419694 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2196419694 title "Morphodynamics of Ebb-Tidal Deltas" @default.
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