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- W219863602 abstract "Similarities, Contrasts, and Interactions For both the Russian Federation and Ukraine the year 1999 will be critical, with the Ukrainian presidential contest forthcoming in October, the Russian State Duma elections scheduled for December, and even the duration of Boris Yeltsin's presidential term in doubt. In both these linchpin Slavic states, the mainstream post-Soviet communist parties command the largest representation in parliament and stand poised to challenge the current political establishment. In Russia, the powerful Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF) is itself challenged on its left by the more radical and ideologically orthodox Russian Communist Workers' Party. Similarly, in Ukraine, the post-Soviet successor Marxist groups include not only the', large Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU) but also the influential Socialist Party of Ukraine (SPU) and the small, dogmatic Progressive Socialist Party. This study focuses on the CPRF and the CPU, particularly the contrasts between them. At the outset it should be emphasized that in both Russia and Ukraine the difficulties of the transition from a command to a market economy--the halving of industrial output, sharply curtailed social safety nets, pockets of desperate impoverishment, and widespread socio-psychological disorientation--have had a notable impact on the thinking of the post-Soviet communists. From their perspective, many of the ideological tenets associated with Marx's analysis of capitalism, for example, concentrations of great wealth atop steep income differentials, democracy as a facade for rule by capitalist oligarchs) have been corroborated by the bitter realities of the new order. Much like their distant Bolshevik predecessors or the nonruling communists of Depression-wracked Europe and early postwar France and Italy, the present-day communists in Russia and Ukraine are for the most part true believers. While most of them concede that there were problems with the former Soviet system, they blame the fall of communism not on defects inherent in socialism but on foreign subversion, aided by self-serving opportunists who rose within the CPSU nomenklatura during the Brezhnev era. The Communist Party of the Russian Federation After the official bans on the CPSU and the Russian Communist Party, prompted by the failed August 1991 coup against Gorbachev, a half-dozen or so successor left-wing organizations were founded in the Russian Federation during late 1991 and 1992. Often led by activists from the much factionalized CPSU of the 1989-91 period, these new formations spanned the political spectrum from the far left to the center left. The largest among them were the radical Russian Communist Workers' Party (RCWP) of the two Viktors, Tyulkin and Anpilov, and the reformist Socialist Labor Party of Lyudmila S. Vartazarova and Roy Medvedev (the Soviet-era dissident historian). The Russian Constitutional Court's late 1992 lifting of the ban on the grassroots primary party organizations of the former communist parties paved the way for the mid-February 1993 revival-unification congress of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF). The CPRF, in turn, quickly absorbed most of the members of the Socialist Labor Party and entered into a tense, polemical rivalry with the extremist RCWP, leaving the rest of the successor communist groups to dwindle in significance and membership.(1) The activist core of the CPRF has been from the start an eclectic group. As I will elaborate below, by mid-1998 its cohesion was seriously undermined by multiple fissures and public polemics. Party documents describe the CPRF as the successor to both the CPSU and the latter's upstart antireformist offshoot, the Russian Communist Party (founded in mid-1990). However, many of the more hardline elements of the short-lived Russian Communist Party declined to join the CPRF. The latter's leader, Gennady A. Zyuganov, espouses a kind of ethnocentric Russian nationalism that is sharply at odds with traditional Marxism-Leninism as well as with the official Soviet doctrine of proletarian internationalism. …" @default.
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- W219863602 date "1999-01-01" @default.
- W219863602 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W219863602 title "The Communist Parties of Russia and Ukraine on the Eve of the 1999 Elections" @default.
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