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• W2201449695 abstract "To our forebears the sky was the realm of the gods, inaccessible to mere humans. Only 100 years ago, the few scientists studying environmental problems would have been incredulous at suggestions that, by the late twentieth century, humankind would have begun to change the composition and function of the stratosphere. Yet this has happened. After 8000 generations of Homo sapiens, this generation has witnessed the onset of the remarkable process of human-induced depletion of stratospheric ozone. By the usual definition, stratospheric ozone depletion is not an integral part of the process of “global climate change”. The latter process results from the accrual of greenhouse gases in the troposphere, physically separate from the stratosphere. The stratosphere extends from around 10 to 50km altitude (see Figure 8.1). It is distinguishable from the lower atmosphere (troposphere) and the outer atmosphere (mesosphere and thermosphere). In particular, most of the atmosphere’s ozone resides within the stratosphere. The ozone layer absorbs much of the incoming solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and thus offers substantial protection from this radiation to all organisms living at, or near to, Earth’s surface. Intriguingly, atmospheric ozone is not part of the planet’s original system but a product of life on Earth, which began around 3.5 billion years ago. Until a half billion years ago, living organisms could not inhabit the land surface. Life was confined to the world’s oceans and waterways, relatively protected from the intense unfiltered solar ultraviolet radiation. About 2 billion years ago as photosynthesising organisms emitted oxygen (O2), a waste gas (ozone–O3) gradually began to form within the atmosphere (1). From around 400 million years ago aqueous plants were able to migrate onto the now-protected land and evolve into terrestrial plants, followed by animal life that ate the plants. So the succession has evolved, via several evolutionary paths, through herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs, mammals and omnivorous humans. Today, terrestrial species are shielded by Earth’s recently acquired mantle of ozone in the stratosphere that absorbs much of the solar ultraviolet. Unintentionally, the human species has now reversed some of that stratospheric ozone accumulation. Surprisingly, various industrial halogenated chemicals such as the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, used in refrigeration, insulated" @default.
• W2201449695 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2201449695 creator A5006955691 @default.
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• W2201449695 creator A5089070827 @default.
• W2201449695 date "2003-01-01" @default.
• W2201449695 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W2201449695 title "Stratospheric ozone depletion, ultraviolet radiation and health" @default.
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