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• W2201528048 abstract "Molecular imaging (MI) in the broader sense is the characterization and measurement of biologic processes at the cellular and molecular level to elucidate various disease processes ( 1 Allport J.R. Weissleder R. In vivo imaging of gene and cell therapies. Exp Hematol. 2001; 29: 1237-1246 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (109) Google Scholar , 2 McDonald D.M. Choyke P.L. Imaging of angiogenesis from microscope to clinic. Nat Med. 2003; 9: 713-725 Crossref PubMed Scopus (839) Google Scholar ); however, for radiologists, MI can be considered as the evolution of clinical diagnostic imaging techniques toward a more specific characterization of disease processes and gradually toward a personalized level ( 3 Pither R. PET and the role of in vivo molecular imaging in personalized medicine. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2003; 3: 703-713 Crossref PubMed Scopus (28) Google Scholar ). As genetic engineering progresses, MI may also be a way of following this process in vivo for improved presymptomatic disease detection and for providing tools to follow progression of the disease or response to various therapies ( 4 Nichol C. Kim E.E. Molecular imaging and gene therapy. J Nucl Med. 2001; 42: 1368-1374 PubMed Google Scholar ). Since the inception of MI, its utility and development in clinical diagnosis and therapy monitoring has continued to evolve at a rapid pace ( 5 Frost J.J. Molecular imaging of the brain a historical perspective. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2003; 13: 653-658 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar , 6 Cherry S.R. In vivo molecular and genomic imaging new challenges for imaging physics. Phys Med Biol. 2004; 49: R13-R48 Crossref PubMed Scopus (339) Google Scholar , 7 Herschman H.R. Molecular imaging looking at problems, seeing solutions. Science. 2003; 302: 605-608 Crossref PubMed Scopus (370) Google Scholar ). Just as visual observations of morphologic tissue changes on conventional clinical imaging techniques gave way to the physiological examinations of inner organs through the practice of radiology, novel MI applications will further develop the clinician’s ability to detect disease at earlier stages to more accurately follow the patient through the disease process. Exponential coefficient that describes the interaction probability of x-rays with the media they traverse. Process by which positron emitting radiations may be localized based on the simultaneous emission/detection of two 511 keV photons emitted at 180 degrees apart in an internally administered radioisotope. High attenuation grid structure that only transmits x radiation or gamma radiation from a specific direction; used to localize in a planar fashion the source of administered radioisotopes and consequently defines the intrinsic spatial resolution of nuclear medicine imaging equipment. Signal difference between two adjacent points in an imaging plane; typically used with respect to spatial resolution. Efficiency with which absorbed x or gamma radiant energy is converted to electrical signal in x-ray-based imaging systems. Image display scale value where +1000 equals air and −1000 equals dense bone; related to attenuation coefficients for biologic materials. Parameter used to characterize how well an imaging system can reflect sinusoidal varying input functions; typically presented as a range of input frequencies. An exchange of radiofrequency energy at a specific radio frequency determined by the nuclear spin of the atomic nucleus and the magnetic field in which it resides. Property of ultrasound transducer crystals that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa. Digital imaging term meaning picture element that describes the display resolution of a given imaging system. Unstable isotope that spontaneously emits radiation to form more stable isotopic form. Ultrasound parameter that describes the energy of the impinging ultrasound wave that is reflected back to the ultrasound receiver. Nuclear magnetic resonance time constants that quantify the longitudinal magnetization return to equilibrium after perturbation by external magnetic or radiofrequency fields T1; or the return to equilibrium of the transverse magnetization T2. Parameter used to characterize an imaging system in terms of its ability to convey information; spatial resolution for the ability to resolve two adjacent structures, temporal for the ability to resolve two imaged events in adjacent points in time. The number of resonating spins per unit volume that determines the strength of the nuclear magnetic resonance signal. Mechanical wave frequency spectrum generated by ultrasound imaging and therapy equipment." @default.
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• W2201528048 date "2004-10-01" @default.
• W2201528048 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2201528048 title "A primer on molecular biology for imagers" @default.
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• W2201528048 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2004.07.008" @default.
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