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• W2201854557 endingPage "472" @default.
• W2201854557 startingPage "455" @default.
• W2201854557 abstract "Two levels of epithelial progenitors are involved in lung morphogenesis: multipotent undifferentiated cells (lung primordial cells) and pluripotent regiospecific (bronchial, bronchiolar, and alveolar) stem cells. The trachea and bronchi are lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium (ciliated, mucous and basal cells). The bronchioles are lined by simple columnar epithelium (ciliated and Clara cells). Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) are also present. The alveolar ducts and sacs and the alveolar zone of the respiratory bronchioles are lined by cuboid alveolar type II cells and squamous alveolar type I cells. These regions all originate from evagination of ventral foregut endoderm containing lung primordial cells, into the surrounding visceral mesoderm with budding and branching, with their specific determination established as early as the pseudoglandular period of lung development. Tracheobronchial glands arise from specialized outpockets of basally situated surface cells. Bronchial stem cells are identified as label-retaining cells after pulsing with 3H thymidine or BrdU and can be found after injury in tracheal gland ducts as well as systematically distributed along the surface of the trachea and bronchi. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that basal cells and columnar cells retain plasticity to regenerate a complete mucociliary epithelium. Clara cells represent the principal progenitor pool of the bronchiolar epithelium and are an example of a transit-amplifying cell population. True stem cells may proliferate after injury and depletion of the Clara cell population and are located in association with PNECs and also at the junction between the bronchioli and alveolar ducts. The stem cell for the alveolar epithelium is the early embryonic type II cell, which can give rise to progeny that differentiate to type I or type II cells. The preferential distribution of type II cell clusters in the adult lung supports the existence of type II stem cell niches. According to the current theory, the regiospecific stem cells are the most relevant targets for transformation and thus the source of lung cancer. The mixed phenotype of many lung carcinomas and studies of bronchial carcinogenesis suggest origin from a common un- or retrodifferentiated stem cell. Prospective treatments for common lung diseases, transplantation, gene transfer, and tumor therapy would all be advanced by a greater understanding of lung stem cells." @default.
• W2201854557 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2201854557 creator A5049641668 @default.
• W2201854557 creator A5066517675 @default.
• W2201854557 creator A5073591445 @default.
• W2201854557 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W2201854557 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2201854557 title "Stem Cells in Lung Morphogenesis, Regeneration, and Carcinogenesis" @default.
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