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• W2202412204 endingPage "187" @default.
• W2202412204 startingPage "145" @default.
• W2202412204 abstract "IX. SUMMARYTryptophan is unique among the amino acids as it is present largely in the plasma bound to albumin. The binding is decreased by various drugs and unesterified fatty acids. As synthesis of the latter substance is influenced by sympathetic nervous activity, the binding of plasma tryptophan can be markedly dependent on changes of environmental and internal milieu. One consequence of these relationships is that changes of plasma tryptophan binding may lead to changes of brain tryptophan concentration and, thus, to altered synthesis of the neurotransmitter 5-hydroxytryptamine and, hence, to the possibility of altered behavior. Other mechanisms, such as competition between tryptophan and other plasma amino acids for uptake by the brain, can also influence brain tryptophan concentration.Various components of behavior such as sleep, motor activity, food intake, pain sensitivity, and aggression respond to changes of brain 5-hydroxy -tryptamine synthesis. In general, these behavioral parameters increase when brain 5HT is reduced.In animals, changes such as these which occur commonly in laboratory routine (e.g., differences of housing conditions, handling, and transference to new cages) or in a natural habitat (e.g., temperature changes and brief periods of food deprivation) are sufficient to provoke alterations of brain tryptophan and 5HT metabolism. This may also occur as a result of various experimental procedures such as restraint stress, foot-shock, etc. and in both man and laboratory animals in various disease states.The mechanisms by which brain tryptophan and 5HT metabolism increase in human and experimental liver failure have provoked considerable interest, not only because of the light these mechanisms shed on the normal control of tryptophan disposition and metabolism, but also because of the possibility that these changes may be involved in the symptomatology of hepatic coma.Many early investigations of the toxicity of tryptophan were related to the hypothesis that disturbed tryptophan metabolism was responsible for the development of bladder cancer. In more recent years, interest has been centered largely on the alteration of behavior by tryptophan. When given alone to normal subjects, acute administration of large amounts led to drowsiness and related changes. However, hyperactivity occurs when tryptophan is given to rats together with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. This finding may be relevant to the beneficial effect of the same drug combination in the treatment of human depression." @default.
• W2202412204 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2202412204 creator A5073501588 @default.
• W2202412204 creator A5088962480 @default.
• W2202412204 date "1977-01-01" @default.
• W2202412204 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2202412204 title "Environmental, Toxicological, and Related Aspects of Tryptophan Metabolism with Particular Reference to the Central Nervous System" @default.
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