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• W2207884732 endingPage "133" @default.
• W2207884732 startingPage "103" @default.
• W2207884732 abstract "As with other drugs of abuse, cocaine changes the signaling of the endogenous neurotransmitters in the brain. Its effects on the dopamine system have been shown to be most directly correlated with addiction and closely associated with alteration of motivated, reward-driven behavior. Imaging studies in humans with Positron Emission Tomography allow the in vivo measurement of dopamine receptors in addition to changes in endogenous levels of dopamine in cocaine abuse and dependence. These imaging studies show that cocaine addiction is associated with both a reduction in D2/3 receptors and blunted dopamine transmission in the striatum, measured as presynaptic dopamine release in response to stimulant administration, compared to matched controls. Preclinical and human imaging studies also show that both of these parameters are predictive of higher levels of cocaine self-administration. In addition, imaging studies demonstrate that cocaine abuse is associated with alterations in the prefrontal cortex, particularly regions that regulate information processing and emotions, and that these play a key role in the maintenance of addiction. Despite these advances in our understanding of the neurobiology of cocaine abuse in the human brain, less is known about the precise mechanisms responsible for long-lasting behavioral adaptations associated with chronic cocaine exposure. Animal studies suggest that these alterations of dopaminergic transmission by cocaine exposure contribute to the abnormal consolidation of learning processes that rely on plasticity mechanisms within the striatum and prefrontal cortex. These alterations are thought to facilitate the transition from a recreational use to compulsive consumption. Considering the converging evidences of an alteration of dopaminergic signaling in addiction to cocaine in both humans and animal models, it is crucial to develop methods for reversing these changes." @default.
• W2207884732 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2207884732 creator A5051088885 @default.
• W2207884732 creator A5068903708 @default.
• W2207884732 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W2207884732 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2207884732 title "Cocaine" @default.
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