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• W2208331786 abstract "In general, estimations on energy and CO2emissions have divided the tourism industry into three sections, namely transport, accommodation and activities. Many works have indicated that transport accounts for the greatest proportion of the energy consumption and CO2emissions in all three sections. Air transport accounts on average for 60%- 70% of the total energy consumption and CO2emissions in the tourism industry according to UNWTO(United Nations World Tourism Organization).For offshore island destinations, the service industry takes the largest part of the industrial structure,and always relies on airplanes to carry tourists. Calculating the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions from tourism transport in offshore island destinations will demonstrate the environmental impact of tourism transportation and airline impacts more clearly. Haikou municipality is the capital of Hainan Province, which is the second large island in China. Hainan island is isolated from the land and surrounded by the sea such that travel access by air is the main transport mode for tourists ging to Hainan. A survey conducted by Hainan Normal University suggested that more than 80% of the tourists traveling to Hainan go by air. Thus, it is meaningful and appropriate to calculate the energy use and CO2emission by tourism transport to Haikou. In 2011, almost 8.45 million international and domestic tourist arrivals were counted in Haikou. A bottom-up approach was applied to determine the amount of energy consumed and CO2emissions from domestic and inbound tourism transport of Haikou municipality in 2011. The previous domestic estimations on energy and CO2emissions in the tourism industry always used empirical parameters from studies aboard in the last few years. However, the key parameters like energy- use and CO2emission intensity used in this article were consistent with the reality of China. So that, the author and his group carried out a large number of investigations on transport modes, distance and average load factors as well. According to the calculation made here,tourism transportation may have consumed approximately 27.40PJ of energy in 2011 which corresponds to about 22.10% of total energy consumption in Haikou. It is estimated that CO2emission from tourism transportation amounted to 2.06Mt. The results show that the theory of tourism being asmokelessindustry will be broken, especially for offshore island destinations. Tourism is or has become an important energy-use industry in Haikou. In order to adapt to climate change and energy-use saving and CO2emission reductions, offshore island governments should propose effective strategies to let tourists stay longer and reduce the frequency that tourists transfer between places and the island. In addition, the aviation emission carbon tax, environment tax and ecological compensation foundation should be considered based on adequate scientific research and augmentation. In view of the weakness of energy consumption statistics in tourism, the author recommends that a professional organization should be established by the tourism administration department to strengthen statistical monitoring and management of tourism energy consumption." @default.
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• W2208331786 date "2014-01-01" @default.
• W2208331786 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2208331786 title "Energy consumption and CO2 emissions from tourism transport in offshore island destinations: taking Haikou municipality as a case." @default.
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