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• W2211604865 abstract "Copper is an essential microelement for plants. Soil organic matter content and copper (Cu) are low in most cultivated soils of Iran. Sequential extraction has been used as a suitable method for identification of chemical forms of heavy metals and their potential plant availability. Little information is available about the distribution of Cu in calcareous soils of Iran. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of organic matter and Cu on chemical forms of Cu in two calcareous soils Chitgar (S1) and Kamfirooz (S2), of Iran. Treatments consisted of municipal waste compost (K), and cow manure (G) , without organic matter (Con) and two levels of Cu, i.e., 0 , 5 mg Cu kg soil in the form of CuSO4.H2O. The green house study was a factorial experiment arranged as a completely randomized design with three replications which lasted for 8 weeks. Application of organic matter and Cu had significant effects on both soils. Copper mainly occurred in residual fraction in both soils. However, carbonate and organic fractions were also remarkable. Application of organic matter increased organic fraction of both soils. Application of Cu decreased residual and increased carbonate Cu. Introduction Copper is one of the trace elements necessary for plant nutrition (Sommer, 1931). Sequential extraction of soils is used for quantification of different chemical forms of metals in soils (Lu et al., 2003). They usually start with the weakest and least aggressive and end with the strongest and most aggressive (Canet et al., 1997). Thus, they fractionate heavy metals into different forms according to their solubilities and mobilities, This, furnishes valuable information for predicting metal availability to plant, metal movement in the soil profile, and transformation between different forms of metals in soils (Lu et al., 2003). Significant amount of Cu was reported to be associated with residual fraction (Canet et al., 1997). Application of organic waste to soil decreased residual fraction and increased carbonate and organic fraction (Canet et al., 1997). In calcareous soils of Iran, studies concerning the capacity of soil components for heavy metals retention and the change in chemical form has received little attention (Mafton et al.,2003). Components for heavy metals retention and the change in chemical form have received little attention. The objective of this research was to study the native Cu in two calcareous soils and effect of application of two organic matter sources and Cu on chemical distribution of Cu in two calcareous soils. Materials and Methods The greenhouse experiment was conducted in two calcareous soils, namely, Chitgar (S1) and Kamfirooz (S2). from Fars province in southern Iran. Treatments consisted of two organic wastes Esfahan's municipal compost (K) , and cow manure (G) in two levels ( 2 % w/w on dry weight basis. and without organic matter (Con) and two levels of Cu (0(Con) , 5 mg Cu kg soil in the form of CuSO4.H2O).A factorial completely randomized design with three replications were used. Chemical forms of Cu, i.e., soluble and exchangeable (Sol+Ex), carbonate-bound (Car), organically bound (Or), and residual forms (Re) were evaluated by sequential extraction method (Sposito et al., 2003). The results were statistically analyzed by MSTATC and Duncan s multiple Range Test. Table 1. Selected characteristics of the soils used in this study. CCE (%) OM (%) Total Cu mg/kg pH 1:1 ECe dS/m Clay" @default.
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• W2211604865 date "2009-07-17" @default.
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• W2211604865 title "Effect of Copper and Organic Matter on Copper Distribution in Two Calcareous Soils" @default.
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