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• W221841611 abstract "Sometime prior to the 1960s a rather quiet evolution began in the domain that up until that time had generally been known as library science. This change was an outgrowth of the convergence of a variety of factors, including the documentation movement with its emphasis on alternatives to print-on-paper, the introduction of electronic digital computers, the solidification of efforts to make the word science meaningful in the expression library science, and the acceptance of an appropriately accredited master's degree as the preferred professional credential for librarians. Most of these trends had their origins in the first half of the twentieth century, although some can easily be traced to the nineteenth century. All were subject to substantial fermentation in the post-World War II era. That fermentation eventually led to the infusion of the into each of these areas of interest. Origins of the I-word The American Documentation Institute (ADI), founded in 1937, began in 1963 a series of discussions that led to a 1968 change of name to the American Society for Information Science (ASIS). Many members of the association felt that the infusion of the I-word into the name and mission of the association was long overdue. The I-revolution was being keenly felt in the 1950s to the extent that the emphasis on the purposes and methods of documentation that had led to the founding of the ADI were no longer fully relevant. (1) In 2000 the name was changed again to the American Society for Information Science and Technology. In the computing domain, the early term data processing began to lose favor by the 1960s, largely due to the association of the term data with numeric information or number crunching. The I-word gained dominance as computing achieved more general applicability through increasingly sophisticated higher-level programming languages. (2) A major triumph of the I-word was the establishment of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) in 1960. (3) The move toward library science is closely tied to the Williamson reports of 1921 and 1923. (4) This pair of studies, funded by the Carnegie Corporation, criticized library training programs for their emphasis on clerical routines and techniques rather than general learning and professional education. Williamson suggested that the appropriate avenue for preparing individuals for professional service in libraries was completion of a broad-based undergraduate degree followed by at least one year of appropriately specialized graduate study. The founding of the Graduate Library School at the University of Chicago in 1926 was in large part a direct response to the Williamson reports. (5) The early faculty of the Graduate Library School, brought together from a variety of academic disciplines, immediately sought to justify the study of libraries through the application of investigative processes mostly drawn from the social sciences. This effort to move the study of libraries and librarianship dramatically away from training in the application of tools and techniques was widely emulated as other institutions developed graduate programs. Such efforts were not received in a universally positive manner and in some circles were viewed as being antithetical to the principles and morals of librarianship. (6) Despite such objections, by 1951 the standards for accreditation of professional programs promulgated by the American Library Association (ALA) identified a master's degree as the only recognized credential for professional librarians. By the 1960s the impact of the I-word on graduate education for professional librarians began to be felt. In 1966 the Board of Curators of the University of Missouri authorized the establishment of the School of Library and Informational Science. This was one of the earliest, if not the first, intrusion of the I-word into the docile world of library science education. By 1969 the School of Library and Informational Science was divided into two departments: Library Science and Information Science. …" @default.
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• W221841611 title "The I-Word: Semantics and Substance in Library and Information Studies Education." @default.
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