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• W2218542458 abstract "For over 7000 years Man has tried to defend land against the combined assaults of rain and runoff energies. Here we relate a few lessons from 50 years of soil research in Africa, where the population has multiplied by five over the last century. During the colonial period, explorers thought that tropical soils must be very fertile in relation to the dense vegetation of the tropical forest! But after clearing and one or two years of cropping, the yields became very low: the forest was living from its residues. In his book Afrique, terre qui meurt, J.P. Harroy (1944) described the two main reasons causing the rapid degradation of african soil fertility: the quick mineralisation of soil organic matter under hot climates and the erosion of cultivated soils. In the ex-Belgian Congo, the agronomists of INEAC developed rotations, legumes coyer crops under permanent tree-crops, and a system of cultivation between living hedges producing mulch in order to maintain the humus in the cropped fields. It was also the period of large National Parks creation to preserve the fauna and flora diversity. In francophone Africa, uRSTuM and CIRAD built a first network of runoff plots to estimate the runoff and erosion risks under various crops and vegetal COyer. Weil known geo­ graphers studied various erosion processes in Africa and Madagascar. Hudson in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe developed deviees to measure erosion under natural or simulated rainfalls: he established the importance of slope steepness, soil management and mainly vegetation coyer. He demonstrated that agriculture intensification does not necessarily increase soil degradation but can improve the soil coyer and reduce erosion and runoff by ten times. Then began a second period (1960-2000) devoted to the quantification of various erosion processes and factors at various scales under the conditions of various production systems. A new set of standardised runoff plots was built in Africa and Madagascar in order to estimate the parameters of the empirical models available, such as the USLE and variants or SLEMSA. It appeared that ISBN 978-3-923381-56-2, US ISBN 1-59326-249-3" @default.
• W2218542458 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2218542458 creator A5058984844 @default.
• W2218542458 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W2218542458 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2218542458 title "Soil erosion, conservation and restoration: a few lessons from 50 years of research in Africa." @default.
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