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• W222095995 abstract "IT IS unlikely that many Kappan readers realize that 1993 is titled the of Older People and Solidarity Between Generations. It has not exactly become a major talking point in Europe, either, where unemployment, the recession, the civil war in the Balkans, and other matters have hit the headlines rather more frequently. Nonetheless, this Year of the Elderly prompts me to focus on a number of issues that will set off some alarm bells. Along with what has been described as a growing army of old age pensioners, there is both evidence of a declining work force and every prospect that pension funds will be squeezed more and more as the century ends. The graying of Europe currently means that the continent has the highest proportion of elderly people in the world. Within the European Community (EC) one person in 15 is 75 years of age or older, and estimates indicate that by the year 2010 this ratio will be one in 10. One in every three citizens of the EC will be 50 or older. In the United Kingdom by the end of this century there will be more than one million people over the age of 85. Life expectancy is certainly increasing all over Europe, though northern Europeans still tend to live longer than southern Europeans. On average, men at age 65 can look forward to another 14 years of life, and women, another 17 to 18 years of life. Projections indicate that by the year 2020 there will be 70 million citizens over the age of 60 in EC nations; they will represent about one-fifth of the total population. In 1993 there are two people of working age for every pensioner, but by 2020 this ratio will be one to one. There are some obvious implications of these demographic changes. In France, for example, it is estimated that pension payments will far outweigh incoming receipts by 2010. Thus there will be a shift toward personal and company plans, and the state pension will become less significant and less costly. It will become a mere safety net for those who have only a small income. Other issues brought to the fore by the aging of Europe's population include proposals for raising retirement ages and reviewing pension benefits. Yet any political moves in these directions will be certain to run into considerable opposition -- especially when recent years have seen many people retiring early and adding their numbers to a growing and influential gray political movement. A further issue is the current disparity with regard to levels of retirement pay between EC countries. Final pensions (as a percentage of final income) can vary from more than 100% in Greece (if claiming for dependent spouse) and almost 100% in Spain and Portugal to 50% or less in the Netherlands, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. In many countries supplementary pension plans are a necessity, especially for single people. Throughout 1993 a variety of activities, conferences, and seminars have been held, focusing mainly on the need to remove barriers that prevent older people from taking a full part in society. In particular, the focus has been on barriers in the physical and social environments and on the general lack of knowledge and understanding of the problems that face older people in society. Actions taken by the EC have also increased the amount of information related to demographic trends that is exchanged between the member states; encouraged the economic and social integration of the elderly; and sought to improve the mobility and independence of the elderly. Particularly interesting are the attitudes toward older people and toward the policies and issues relating to them that are revealed by the 1993 Euro Barometer, a public opinion survey in each of the 12 member states. Most Europeans do not think that people in their fifties should give up their jobs for younger people. …" @default.
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• W222095995 date "1993-11-01" @default.
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• W222095995 title "The Prospects for Solidarity between the Generations" @default.
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