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• W222352763 abstract "Human right is the equal right of all humans to define their individual and collective identities. The promotion and protection of human rights in contemporary Indian plural society cannot be simply reduced to the universal principle of human rights. The contemporary views on human rights are viewed in widely accepted Western modern traditions and liberal democracy which accord primacy to universality of rights, principle of equality and individual as the claimant of rights. (1) These serious concerns of the western human rights opinions negate or at least reduce the possibilities of expression and articulation of cultural pluralism, the contesting idea of group differentiated rights and community as the focus of rights and justice. The principle of universal applicability of rights and its prime concern for individual freedom and liberty is restricted by the demands of cultural plurality and specificity of community. The idea of individual liberty and the principle of equality have been important in many respects, but in its ultimate analysis they contradict the interests of the community and claims of rights of the groups. Therefore, the promotion and protection of human rights along the western line and liberal democracy appears as a complex problem. The redressal of the minority specific problems, their specific cultural identity and rights and their accommodation in a just manner call for a shift from reductionist conception of rights to the group and community sensitive approach to human rights. (2) At the same time, it, however, does not mean negation of the certain basic human rights of individuals such as right to life and liberty, equality and right to nondiscrimination which have been conceptualized and advanced through different human rights declarations, conventions and covenants. A positive approach towards human rights necessitates constructive reconciliation between individual and community, universality and specificity, and nondiscrimination principle of equality and social justice. With this background the paper studies problem in its theoretical context and in its empirical explication. The empirical ground has been located in the Indian situation. In this regard, pluralism and federal idea have been relied upon as appropriate and authentic bases of promoting and protecting human rights in a plural society on the one hand, and as the basis of pursuing a model of nation and state building on the other. Since pluralism and federal idea provide adequate space for expression, articulation and interplay of the basic principle of human rights, it is therefore premised here that multiculturalism and federal idea must be considered as a prelude to human rights. Human Rights Discourse Harold J. Laski in his classic A Grammar of Politics, observed that every state is known by the rights that it maintains. (3) When read together with Rawlsian principle of justice as fairness (4), right essentially means a claim of the people on the state for capacity endowment to improve their life. This demonstrates that the human rights discourse is primarily embedded in the Western idea of liberal democracy. The basic concern of this discourse is individual as the claimant of rights. Common bond of citizenship and all embracing conception of citizen's rights define the extent of human rights. In this framework, guaranteeing of civil and political rights to all individuals, irrespective of ethnic and cultural membership, is considered to be the protector of community (5) as the state stands above all the forms of ethnic and cultural group membership. This value neutral conception of state under the dispensation of common citizenship rights announces disjunction between state and community. This disjunction considers state as morally superior. However, this supposed disjunction and proclaimed neutrality of the state do not necessarily protect the interests of the ethnic and cultural minority groups. …" @default.
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• W222352763 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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• W222352763 title "Dynamics of Human Rights in a Federal Polity: The Indian Experience" @default.
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