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- W22270967 abstract "While plastics have become universal in our lives, the disposal via land-filling is problematic on two counts: firstly, it uses up land that can be used for other more productive purposes; and secondly, it takes out of circulation a large portion of embodied energy. A promising method to extract this embodied energy is via catalytic cracking. This thesis aimed to show the potential of reactive extruders to catalytically crack the most common plastics found in Australian municipal solid waste, such as high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, and both polystyrene and expanded polystyrene. The second aim was to create a mathematical model of the cracking process in order to extract the kinetic parameters, and better understand the process. Firstly the suitability of the catalyst (silica alumina) was tested with HDPE using thermogravimetric analysis and modelled using distributive kinetics. It was found that when the thermal and catalytic portions were separated for the cracking of HDPE, the activation energy of the thermal cracking was 256.44 kJ/mol, and the activation energy of the catalytic cracking of HDPE was 173.95 kJ/mol. If it was assumed that only catalytic cracking occured, the activation energy was 185.95 kJ/mol. Pre-exponential factors were found to be linearly proportional to catalytic loading. The next section extended this work by catalytically cracking HDPE using a reactive extruder. This allowed an analysis of the product distributions, and found that it was within the range of petrol (gasoline) and diesel fractions. Modelling performed using the consecutive reactions method found that the activation energies of various pathways of cracking ranged from 181 kJ/mol to 207 kJ/mol, which is consistent with both published data, and that found using the distributive kinetics method. Finally the the last section of the thesis studied the product distributions of the other polymers, as well as that of a typical mixture of waste plastics, and compared them favourably to the petrol (gasoline) and diesel regions. In conclusion this thesis has shown that using the reactive extruder is a promising method for the catalytic cracking of a mixture of waste plastics. In addition, both distributive kinetics and consecutive reactions are valid methods to model the process." @default.
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- W22270967 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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- W22270967 title "Conversion of waste plastics into liquid fuels" @default.
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