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• W2227183719 abstract "Since the reintroduction of criminal aspects of shari’a in Nigeria, hadd matters relating to zina (adultery/fornication), sariqa (theft), hiraba (armed robbery/brigandage) and the hadd-related offence, zina-bil-jabr (zina by force or rape) appear to have received the most institutional, judicial as well as academic, civil society, human rights and media attention. Academics are concerned with the multifaceted implications of the enforcement of the hudood, especially the procedural safeguards for enforcement in a plural legal system like Nigeria; civil society and human rights’ groups examine the new laws within the context of fundamental human rights; the media are concerned with reporting the intersection between participants in the enforcement processes within the Nigerian criminal justice system. A significant provision of the new shari’a penal laws in Nigeria, a shari’a courts’ jurisdiction over persons, has received little or no attention. This is probably because of the presumption that the limiting effect of this jurisdictional clause ensures that non-Muslims do not claim that the state is forcing them to subscribe to a particular religious law. Most commentaries on this particular provision have remained pinned to the rationalisation that Muslims are entitled to the practice of their religion in its totality, which includes observing criminal aspects of Islamic law, and that non-Muslims acquire no benefit from the application of the Islamic law penal sanctions on them. Apparently, very few commentators have noticed that limiting a shari’a courts’ jurisdiction over persons holds the likelihood of encouraging mischief. In this paper, I examine the possible reaction that will follow a refusal to submit to the jurisdiction of a shari’a court by a Muslim, under any of the Shari’a Penal Code Laws. While this may sound far fetched and probably unlikely, it presents interesting propositions that are worth examining, especially since the exact wordings of the jurisdiction clause make categorical stipulations and create no doubt about the jurisdiction of a shari’a court. Also, the fact that most of the defendants in criminal cases decided so far came from poor economic backgrounds, often with no ability or wherewithal to seek legal advice or access legal representation, suggests the possibility that, given the opportunity, a crafty defence counsel may want to explore all the contours of this penal law, including refusing to submit to a shari’a courts’ jurisdiction. I approach this jurisdictional issue over persons as provided by the Shari’a enactments from two perspectives: First, I look at the consequence of the provision itself in its stipulation that only ‘those who profess the Islamic faith’ will be liable under it and argue that this goes against the trend where modern states provide for penal sanctions that apply equally to all residents in the jurisdiction. I also argue that just because the Shari’a Penal Codes state that ‘those who profess the Islamic faith’ are liable to criminal prosecution under it for omission or commission of acts stipulated in the Codes does not mean that all ‘those who profess the Islamic faith’ will willingly submit to the jurisdiction of a Shari’a court. Whether a shari’a court can compel submission to its jurisdiction over persons ‘who profess the Islamic faith’ will also be examined since the Shari’a Penal Codes are not the only applicable criminal law enactment within the shari’a states. Second, I look at the consequences of allowing non-Muslims the choice of either submitting to the jurisdiction of a shari’a court or refusing to submit. I further enquire whether this provision is a concession and if such a concession is desirable in a ‘liberal democracy’. This is particularly significant because the 1960 Northern Nigeria Penal Code earlier enacted as a concession to accommodate the fears of non-Muslims in northern Nigeria did not ‘segregate’ nor did it specify limitations as to jurisdiction over persons at all." @default.
• W2227183719 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2227183719 date "2010-08-14" @default.
• W2227183719 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2227183719 title "Appropriate or Unusual Concession? Jurisdiction Over Persons Under Shari'a/Islamic Criminal Law in Nigeria" @default.
• W2227183719 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
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