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• W2227449209 abstract "A vast chemical control operation was launched in 1974 to interrupt the transmission of human onchocerciasis in seven West African countries. The aquatic larval stages of the Simulium damnosum Theobald complex, the vector, are eliminated by the weekly application of biodegradable insectic)des on the breeding sites. Three insecticides have been utilized in IO 0 288 LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN, VOL. 115, 1988 the Onchocerciasis Control Programme area: Abate@, chlorphoxim and Bacillus fhuringiensis (€?.f.) H-14. Aware of the potential environmental risk of this insecticidal treatment, the Programme pays particular attention to the selection of larvicides, and it has developed monitoring Facilities and protocols. An ecological Group, composed of independent experts, controls and directs the Proaramme’s activities regarding environmental protection. The monitoring is geared mainly towards a regular study of the fish-populations and the lotic benthic invertebrate populations on which many fish feed. In view of the results recorded during more than ten years of larviciding, it can be said that the larvicides utilized have little effect on the non-target fauna in the tropical lotic environments. Although the initial larviciding with Abate@ and chlorphoxim had a short-term impact on the saxicolous benthic communities, it was found that the situation improves after several successive applications. The treated watercourses seem to have great resilience and recolonization capacity. The greater use of f3.f. H-14 instead of chlorphoxim has favoured a better reconstitution of the invertebrate fauna. No fish mortality was observed with the larvicides at the oDerational doses. The changes in catches do not seem to be influenced by the larviciding. The fluctuations in time in the cOndition of the fish are uncertain and vary around an average value which has not changed considerably over the years. Finally, the acetylcholinesterase activity of the brain of the fish free in the watercourses as well as their feeding habits have not been affected by the larviciding. Introduction en dace en 1974 et execute par l’Organisation Les consequences graves et nefastes de I’onchocercose humaine dans de vastes regions de l’Afrique de l’Ouest (fig. 1) pour la sante de l’homme et le developpement socio-economique des zones infestees ont amene 7 des pays les plus touches (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger et Togo) a s’associer pour combattre le fleau avec l’aide-financiere de 19 pays et institutions. Le Programme de lutte contre l’onchocercose (O.C.P.) dans la Region du Bassin des Volta mis Mondiale de la Sante (O.M.S.) a engageune vaste et longue campagne de lutte chimique contre les stades aquatiques pre-imaginaux du vecteur Simulium damnosum Theobald S.I., ceci pour interrompre le cycle du parasite nematode Onchocerca wo/wu/us Leuckart. Ce choix s’explique par I’absence de medicaments et la tres grande dispersion du vecteur sous sa forme adulte. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le Programme s’est dote de structures techniques (unite de lutte antivectorielle, unite d‘evaluation epidemiologique, I50 I O 0 s q w 001 I Figure 1. Zone couverte par le Programme de lutte contre l’onchocercose en Afrique de l’Ouest." @default.
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• W2227449209 date "1988-01-01" @default.
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• W2227449209 title "Dix ans de surveillance de la faune aquatique des rivières d'Afrique de l'Ouest traitées contre les simulies ( Diptera : Simuliidae ), agents vecteurs de l'onchocercose humaine" @default.
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