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• W223140801 abstract "Crossroads: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning Fitzner, D., & Rugh, M. (Eds.). (1998). Reston, VA: National Art Education Association. 158 pages. ISBN 0-937652-96-2Art education paradigms have often been responses to social, political, and demographic trends. As the United States has evolved into a more pluralistic society, the concepts of art and art education have become more inclusive. Yet, according to the editors of this anthology, Fitzner and Rugh, the art education field has not responded with the same enthusiasm toward lifelong learning, despite the emergence of the largest, most educated older adult population that has ever lived in the United States. Nor has the field offered appropriate training for quality art education for adults, with one exception being participation in the National Art Education Association Lifelong Learning affiliate. Crossroads: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning offers a profile of the educational needs of the lifelong learner, consideration of quality program design and implementation, as well as suggestions for future research in the field.Rugh explains that the book title's metaphoric use of the word crossroads illustrates the authors' timely efforts to guide theory, research, and program design and establish new directions in the field of lifelong learning in art education in advance of the coming onslaught of baby-boomer retirements. The volume explores a wide range of topics, from the defining characteristics of lifelong learners and their needs, to adult learning theories and how they might apply to program development, teacher training, and future research directions.Part I begins with a poem by Greenberg, which eloquently personalizes social bias toward aging. Mullen, Edelson, and Ball-Gisch emphasise the need for an expanded definition of art and art education that embraces lifelong learning. These authors disparage the modernist practice in which art and art education are separate from everyday life, and suggest a more community oriented, postmodern approach. The programs center on a variety of issues, the development of relationships and community, the individual search for personal meaning, the opportunity to make choices, exposure to a variety of art forms including arts and crafts, an emphasis on positive criticism, and the use of multiple modes of learning. Kuhn, Jones and Edelson advocate self-directed learning (SDL), which is widely discussed in adult education literature. This concept stems from Knowlcs's (1984) attempt to develop a theory specifically for lifelong learning. Adult students are often self-directed, preferring to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their learning, and choosing educational pursuits relevant to their personal lives. Jones notes the importance of self-efficacy in order for SDL to occur. While SDL applies more specifically to adult learners, many of the concepts introduced in the postmodern and self-efficacy literature are useful in art education curriculum regardless of age level.The four chapters in Part II offer suggestions for art teacher training, program development and research. Hubalek discusses teacher preparation issues, such as the awareness of the mental and physical challenges associated with aging and age-related debilities, and recommends teaching approaches and curriculum components needed to help programs succeed. Hart describes Museum One, which approaches art appreciation through theme-oriented slide packets and group discussion guides centered on art styles, feelings, and memories. Hart also highlights the reference to memories as an important asset available to lifelong learners that should be seriously considered in curriculum development. Theoretical support for this concept can be found in the body of psychological research referred to by gerontologists as reminiscence (Butler, 1963; Sherman, 1995). This constructs dialogue around long-term memory and life experiences because they are a natural asset of adulthood and often persist even in older adults experiencing dementia. …" @default.
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• W223140801 title "Crossroads: The Challenge of Lifelong Learning" @default.
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