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- W2233087285 abstract "Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt infections may lead to ventriculitis, ventricular compartmentalization, and cortical mantle thinning, as well as meningitis, subdural empyema, and seizures. In addition, shunt infections have been shown to increase mental retardation and deterioration of mental capacity. The manifestations of central nervous system (CNS) shunt infections are variable. The most common presentation is a nonspecific one consisting of mild fever, nausea, vomiting, malaise, or signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) such as headache or altered consciousness. A unique complication of patients with ventriculovascular shunts is the development of shunt nephritis, a form of acute glomerulonephritis. In the majority of these cases the infecting organism has been Staphylococcus epidermidis, but other bacteria such as corynebacteria can cause this complication. The choice of antimicrobial therapy must be individualized, depending upon the clinical appearance of the patient, cerebrospinal fluid findings, and local patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility. A wide variety of choices is available for treatment of gram-negative shunt infections. A number of expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (e.g. cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime) achieve therapeutic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and ventricular fluid after intravenous administration in patients with inflamed meninges. Some experts prefer to treat CNS shunt infections with both systemic and intraventricular antibiotics because of patient-to-patient variability in antibiotic concentrations achieved in ventricular fluid after intravenous therapy alone." @default.
- W2233087285 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2233087285 date "2014-04-30" @default.
- W2233087285 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W2233087285 title "Infections of Central Nervous System Shunts" @default.
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- W2233087285 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555818067.ch11" @default.
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