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- W2235641909 abstract "Forests are beneficial in many ways to all nations. They beautify the land, favorably modify the climate, provide many useful and necessary staples, and help to protect the soil. Russia's agriculture has frequently and severely suffered because of numerous droughts; for years the Russians have tried to reduce their intensity and frequency through the planting of trees. For example, in 1890 the soil scientist Dokuchaev experimented with shelter belts (Volin 316). During the Soviet period scientists continued to plant trees millions of them in order to increase agricultural productivity, particularly on the collective farms and in the wooded steppes of European Russia (Mosolov I: 178). The greatest impetus and plan for afforestation and reforestation were apparently Stalin's; in 1948 he supposedly laid the groundwork for a fifteen-year project to plant trees on more than ten million acres (Semenova-Tian-Shanskaia 3-4). But because of miscalculations and poor maintenance this program achieved meager results, and meaningful statistics seem not to be available after 1958 (Volin 317). This project was part of Stalin's Plan for the Transformation of Nature (Soviet Agriculture). Although obviously the Plan benefited the Soviet Union, many view it more as a vehicle through which Stalin glorified himself. To understand the creative process for all the arts in the Soviet Union one must be familiar with the circumstances under which such works appear. Essentially, the pressures applied to one form of artistic creativity are applied to the other forms as well.1 Since coming to power the Soviet government has attempted to control the arts, using them to carry out state policy (Vickery, Cult of Optimism 4). From the official point of view, artists in the USSR should serve, according to Stalin, as engineers of human souls (Problems of Soviet Literature 21). Conformists often prosper. Nonconformists usually do not. The Communist Party always knows best (Simmons 2-4). In August 1934, Andrey Zhdanov, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union gave a speech at the first All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers in which he, guided by Stalin, laid out in an ironclad manner the tenets of Socialist Realism. This doctrine has determined what and how Soviet artists are to create; it demands that the arts create works which present in a" @default.
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- W2235641909 date "1984-01-01" @default.
- W2235641909 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2235641909 title "The Destalinization of Dmitrii Shostakovich's 'Song of the Forests', Op. 81 (1949)" @default.
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- W2235641909 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/1346881" @default.
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