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- W2235955433 abstract "INTRODUCTIONThe productivity and of all type of organizations depend on their efficiency, effectiveness, and quality. About 25 business sectors included in this report majority belongs to service sector; also called tertiary sector, which is one of three parts of economy in Three-sector hypothesis. This hypothesis breaks down different economic sectors into three parts, so we can better understand them and how each one works. The other two sectors are primary (mining, fishing, etc.), and secondary (manufacturing) sectors.The service sector is one in charge of producing intangible goods or items that cannot be held in your hand. Activities in service sector include retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education (Kirschner, 2001), health, social work, transport, computer services (Jones, 2002), recreation, media (Hilton, 1999), communications (Steen, 2006), electricity, gas and water supply.Output in manufacturing is measured by quantity units and is more successful by increasing amount of production; whose advantages are described in following section. On other hand, service sector output usually has no high values by aspect of quantity; therefore it is increased by providing higher quality to customers and overall seeking customer satisfaction.Many people think of quality as some level of superiority or innate excellence; others view it as a lack of manufacturing defects (Krajewski, 2010). The official definition of quality, standardized by American National Standard s Institute (ANSI) and American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) in 1978, is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy given needs; meanwhile competitiveness is defined as a 'company's ability to provide goods and services at least as effectively and efficiently, if not more so, than relevant competitors' ; its measures include profitability, extent to which a firm exports, and market share in domestic and international markets. Thus, productivity, quality and can be working synergistically in manufacturing and service sectors.Productivity is a result of real process, and productivity gains can be observed during income distribution process.STANDARDIZATIONExtent to which there is an absence of variety and/or variation in a product, service, or process; products are made in large quantities of identical items. Every customer or item processed receives essentially same service.The standardization process can be instructed through interactive software (Pena-Sanchez, 2009); major objective of interactive software is to provide to learners with an understanding of how to interpret results, and how to s olve problems as applied to scenarios of standardization. In general, selected software should run in different modes : First, using instruct mode, user gain an understanding of technique and/or methodology. Second, using practice mode, participant gains mastery of technique with hints and help available to assist his/her training. Third, using cer tify mode, user are required to obtain his/her certificate indicating mastery of topic without help or hints. At end of a time-period of training, employee will be credited for each certificate earned. The total credit will be equal to a specific percentage with each certificate carrying a specific weight.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF STANDARIZATIONAdvantages1. Fewer parts to deal with in inventory and in manufacturing2. Reduced training costs and time.3. More routine purchasing, handling, and inspection procedures.4. Orders fillable from inventory.5. Opportunities for long production runs and automation.6. Need for fewer parts justifies expenditures on perfecting designs and improving quality control procedures. …" @default.
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- W2235955433 date "2013-01-01" @default.
- W2235955433 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2235955433 title "The Most Competitive Business Sectors among the 2012 Top 500 U.S. Companies" @default.
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