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- W223670050 abstract "This chapter addresses the question of how can a public transport system survive in the middle of increasing demands for and declining finance of the system? The findings in this chapter are partly based on a study of the regional commuting ticket systems in Finland, but the recent developments in the process to harmonize the Value Added Tax (VAT) in Finland are documented in order to illustrate the possible changes in the framework. Also, since 2001 the financing of public transport has been in transformation, which has been because of less financing available at municipalities for funding public transport. The chapter is organized as follows. Section 2 gives a brief introduction to the public transport system in Helsinki MA, with special reference to planning and financing of the public transport system. Section 3 gives a description of the current state-of-the-art of public transport schemes. Section 4 looks at the future challenges for public transport and Section 5 concludes with the present and future changes in the Helsinki MA public transport system." @default.
- W223670050 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W223670050 date "2005-01-01" @default.
- W223670050 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W223670050 title "Incentives for Public Sector to Provide Commuter Transport Services: A Look into Helsinki MA Commuting" @default.
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