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• W2237442364 abstract "1. INTRODUCTION The extent of the Great Recession in Ireland is well documented. Real GDP fell by 10 per cent between 2008 and 2010 (Barrett and McGuinness, 2012). The impact that this large fall in economic activity had on the country's labour market was severe, with Ireland's overall unemployment rate increasing from 4.6 per cent in 2006 to 15 per cent in 2012, (2) while the numbers in employment fell from 68.5 per cent to 58.8 per cent over the same time period. Long-term unemployment also increased considerably from 1.5 per cent in 2006 to 9.2 per cent in 2012. Fortunately, some modest economic growth since 2012 (see Duffy et al., 2014) has resulted in unemployment beginning to fall and increases in employment: by Quarter 1 2015, the unemployment rate stood at 9.9 per cent and the employment rate 62.2 per cent, while the long-term unemployment rate has fallen to 5.9 per cent. (3) The collapse in the property sector was a very significant factor in Ireland's economic downturn, resulting in the highest level of job losses occurring in the construction sector. From peak to trough, construction sector employment fell by 65 per cent between 2007 and 2013. Apart from the information and communication sector, education, health and the arts, all other sectors also experienced a decline in the numbers employed, but none to the extent of the construction sector (see Figure 1 below). There has been considerable debate about where the costs of the recession have fallen across society in terms of social class, income groups, age groups, household types, and by gender (e.g. Barry and Conroy 2013; Callan et al., 2012; Gerlach-Kristen, 2013; Keane et al., 2014; NESC, 2013; TASC, 2012; Whelan et al., 2015). While much of this work has focused on outcomes such as income loss, poverty, debt and financial stress, this paper focuses on the distribution of unemployment effects, given the rapid rise in unemployment that took place with the recession. Unemployment is a key measure of the cost of the recession as it has strong consequences for social cohesion, and impacts directly on income and poverty. The experience of unemployment has been shown to leave 'scars' on future outcomes, such as a person's career and wages, and also their happiness, job satisfaction and health (Arulampalam, 2001; Scarpetta and Sonnet, 2010). However, it must be noted that as a measure of the effect of recession, unemployment has its weaknesses, namely because it excludes those who do not participate. Thus, it does not account for groups who may be marginalised from the labour market; for example, the long term unemployed and inactive. Nevertheless, there is a strong argument against using the unemployment to population ratio as an indicator for unemployment, as using the total population as the denominator includes groups who actively choose to stay out of the labour market, such as stay-at-home mothers. (4) This paper attempts to add to the existing literature on the labour market impact of the Great Recession by focussing on the equality impact of the unemployment crisis. Specifically, we examine how the exposure to unemployment risk varies across five of the equality groups that are covered by the Equality Acts (5)--age, gender, family status, marital status and nationality--before and after the recession. We were unable to examine the impact of the recession on the other four grounds that are covered by the Equality Acts--disability, membership of the Traveller community, religion and sexual orientation--as labour market statistics are not collected on a regular basis for these groups. (6) Previous research has shown that the negative impact of the recession on Ireland's labour market has not been evenly spread across the population (Barrett and Kelly, 2012; Russell et al., 2014 and Kelly et al., 2014). This paper builds on this existing research by incorporating sector information into the analyses and examining its impact on unemployment risk and how this has changed pre and post recession. …" @default.
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• W2237442364 date "2015-12-04" @default.
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• W2237442364 title "The Equality Impact of the Unemployment Crisis" @default.
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