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• W2239740282 abstract "Arctic ecosystems are experiencing rapid changes as aresult of climate warming and more frequent natural andhuman-caused disturbances. Disturbances can have particularly largeeffects on high-latitude ecosystems because ecosystem structure andfunction is controlled by strong feedbacks between soil conditions,vegetation, and ground thermal regime. My MSc. research usedfieldwork and broad-scale GIS data to investigate post-disturbanceecosystem recovery along roads in two permafrost zones(discontinuous and continuous). In the first of two case studies, Ifocussed on tall shrub proliferation along the Dempster Highway atthe Peel Plateau, NT. To explore the drivers of tall shrubproliferation and to quantify shrub expansion in this region ofcontinuous permafrost, greyscale air photos (1975) and Quickbirdsatellite imagery (2008) were used to map landcover change within a1.2 km buffer next to the road and inside a buffer 500 m away fromthe road. Extensive tall shrub proliferation in the study areaindicates that warming air temperatures and disturbance bothfacilitate vegetation change in tundra environments. My findingsalso indicate that accelerated shrub expansion adjacent to the roadwas caused by increased soil moisture. Tall shrub proliferationadjacent to the road occurred at lower elevation sitescharacterized by wetter soils with thicker organic layers. Areasthat resisted tall shrub encroachment were located at higherelevations and had drier soils with thin organic layers. Theseobservations also support previous work that illustrates that tallshrub expansion next to the highway promotes strong positivefeedbacks to ongoing shrub growth and proliferation. In a secondcase study I examined ecosystem recovery in an area ofdiscontinuous permafrost 30 years after construction andabandonment of a winter access road in Nahanni National ParkReserve. Ecosystem recovery was studied by comparing disturbed(road) and undisturbed (adjacent to the road) sites in sprucemuskeg, black spruce parkland, deciduous forest, and alpinetreeline terrain. Field data showed that disturbances todiscontinuous permafrost terrain can lead to large and persistentchanges to ecosystem composition and structure. In spruce muskeg,permafrost thaw triggered by road construction dramaticallyincreased soil moisture and facilitated a transition from sprucemuskeg to sedge wetland. At alpine treeline the removal ofstabilizing vegetation and organic soil during construction slowedsubsequent ecosystem recovery. These findings are consistent withresilience theory that predicts that changes to key environmentalfactors will increase the likelihood of regime shifts. In terraintypes where disturbance fundamentally alters ecosystem processes,the management of disturbance impacts in NNPR will be extremelydifficult. Overall, this thesis contributes to our understanding ofeffects of disturbance on vegetation and abiotic conditions, andprovides insight into the future of high-latitude ecosystems in awarmer climate with increased…" @default.
• W2239740282 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W2239740282 creator A5090630451 @default.
• W2239740282 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2239740282 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2239740282 title "Ecological impacts of roads in Canada's north" @default.
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