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- W2244827824 abstract "Non-equilibrium systems are common in nature, and it is therefore not surprising that electron velocity distribution functions in plasmas often depart from the equilibrium Maxwellian state. Accretion disks around neutron stars, solar flares, coronal mass ejections and interplanetary shocks are familiar examples of space plasma settings in which significant suprathermal electron populations are found. The principal means by which we observe and study these electrons, and indeed we know they exist at all, are the radiation fields they emit upon being accelerated either by a magnetic field (cyclotron emission) or by Coulomb collisions, mainly with ions (bremsstrahlung). By studying the properties of the radiation, we seek to understand the fundamental processes that govern the suprathermal distributions: acceleration, momentum and energy transfer to slower particles, spatial diffusion. Additionally, owing to the complexity of these processes, computer modelling is an indispensable additional tool. One process that can create and sustain a suprathermal electron population in laboratory plasmas is heating with rf waves. In particular, current drive by lower hybrid waves or electron cyclotron waves (ECCD) operates specifically on electrons travelling at substantially suprathermal velocities. Theory has succeeded in explaining many aspects of current drive, but discrepancies remain in its localisation and efficiency. The importance of current drive for current profile manipulation and instability control in a next-step fusion device motivates steady interest in these wave-particle interaction processes and in the properties of the corresponding nonMaxwellian distributions." @default.
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- W2244827824 date "2002-01-01" @default.
- W2244827824 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2244827824 title "Unfolding the dynamics of Suprathermal Electrons: Experimental and Numerical Tools on the TCV Tokamak" @default.
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