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• W224572092 abstract "AbstractThe Moving to Opportunity (MTO) for Fair Housing demonstration provided an for low-income renters to move to low-poverty neighborhoods. Many of these renters, however, did not move with their vouchers, and many of those who moved did not stay in low-poverty neighborhoods. In this article, we explore the mechanisms behind these residential outcomes and what they mean for housing policy. First, we review evidence suggesting that MTO families wanted to live in low-poverty opportunity areas. We then describe how some aspects of the Housing Choice Voucher Program, the structural features of the housing market, and the beliefs and coping mechanisms of low-income renters-shaped by years of living in extreme poverty-prevented these families from achieving their goals of residential mobility. Finally we consider the negative consequences on the life chances of the poor if housing policy does not address constraints to mobility and identify potential policy solutions that might lead to opportunities for low-income renters to live in low-poverty neighborhoods.IntroductionAcross the nation, the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) for Fair Housing demonstration has raised a chorus of responses (for example, see Briggs, Popkin, and Goering, 2010; Sampson, 2012). The loudest question (Clampet-Lundquist et al., 2011; Clampet-Lundquist and Massey, 2008; Ludwig et al, 2008; Sampson, 2008; Turney et al., 2006) has commanded most of the attention: Why didn't MTO have more of an effect? Some researchers (Goetz and Chappie, 2010; Imbroscio, 2012) have even claimed that MTO shows that assisted housing mobility programs do not improve life chances. Two more specific questions point more directly to how well the program really worked, however: Why did more people not move with their vouchers, and why did more people not stay longer in their low-poverty neighborhoods?To these questions, one might reasonably add another: why do we need a program like MTO, which circumscribes where people can lease up, when renters can exercise choice and live where they want via the traditional Housing Choice Voucher Program (HCVP)? The answer to this question, in a nutshell, is the rationale for MTO: without restricting the voucher so initial lease ups occurred in low-poverty neighborhoods, MTO's architects feared that the public housing residents the program sought to serve - who were largely African American or from other disadvantaged minority groups - would not make a move to such neighborhoods on their own. They were right about this concern; perhaps one of the most startling outcomes of MTO is that families in the Section 8 group, who were offered a traditional HCVP voucher rather than the restricted low-poverty voucher offered to families in the experimental group, spent a median of only 9 months in lower poverty neighborhoods (less than 20 percent poor) over the 10- to 12-year window of the study. In contrast, MTO succeeded in helping families in the experimental group spend a median of 36 months in such neighborhoods (the figures for compilers in the Section 8 and experimental groups were 24 and 87 months, respectively) - perhaps not as much time as many had hoped, but not an insignificant amount.Because the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) was generous enough to allow several qualitative research teams into the field along with the survey researchers, we know a lot about the reasons why families in the two treatment groups might not have made or maintained larger gains in neighborhood quality. These reasons teach us a lot about the very problem MTO was trying to solve: how to get voucher holders into lower poverty neighborhoods with more resources. As we show in this article, this body of research defies the conventional wisdom, which assumes that families did not lease up or stay in neighborhoods because they did not want to - that they instead preferred a set of neighbors who were more like them. …" @default.
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• W224572092 date "2012-05-01" @default.
• W224572092 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W224572092 title "Constrained Compliance: Solving the Puzzle of MTO's Lease-Up Rates and Why Mobility Matters" @default.
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