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• W2247017401 abstract "The perovskite rare-earth (RE) chromite series (RE)CrO3 (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) has been synthesized in our laboratory using microwave techniques. In this work we will demonstrate how X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement of XRD pattern and complementary High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) were used to confirm that the desired crystal structure had been formed. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) gave clear indications of the shapes and sizes of the powder crystallites. Magnetization measurement data was found to correlate with the structural information obtained from XRD, Rietveld refinement and HRTEM. The use of microwave irradiation is a promising alternative heat source for the synthesis of inorganic materials. The considerable reduction in reaction temperature and time involved with this recent innovative synthesis technique has the interesting effect that the particle growth during reaction and the resulting particle size of the synthesized products are usually reduced efficiently. In fact, the method is highly sensitive to small changes in the synthesis conditions far away from thermal equilibrium and a fascinating range of different particle shapes and sizes can be obtained. This is not only interesting for potential new applications of nano-sized materials due to novel functionalities, but also facilitates studying fundamental aspects of the physics of condensed matter at the nano-scale. Significant qualitative drawbacks in microwave synthesized materials in terms of crystal quality and physical properties are usually not encountered. In some cases even quantitative improvements, novel crystal arrangements and interesting particle shapes can be achieved. The technique can be regarded a Fast Chemistry method. Furthermore, taking into account the low energy requirements, the technique is also consistent with the Green Chemistry principles (1): use of non-hazardous reactants and solvents, high efficiency in terms of energy consumption vs. yield, and easy monitoring to prevent pollution. Microwave synthesis can be applied to fabricate a large range of technologically important functional materials (2-5). In each case it is essential to validate that the desired chemical phase has been fully formed, to investigate its microstructure and test the functionality of the product. This requires a set of experimental characterization techniques, where several electron microscopy related methods play a fundamental role. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) gives unambiguous information about the shape of the micro- or nano-sized objects obtained by microwave synthesis. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) can be used to confirm the crystal structure in real space, determined previously by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement of the resulting XRD pattern. Crystal defects can be detected and classified readily Furthermore, the chemical composition of the cation sublattice is accessible by using X-ray energy detectors attached to the microscopes. Such comprehensive analysis allows correlating certain physical properties such as the magnetization behavior to the crystal structure. In most inorganic synthesis research one of the main aims is to establish the relationships between the synthesis procedure, the crystal structure and physical properties. The analysis of these synthesis - structure - property relationships is demonstrated here on the example of the rare-earth (RE) chromites series (RE-CrO3: RE = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) (6). Powders were fabricated by the solid state microwave synthesis method and were investigated by XRD, Rietveld refinement, SEM, HRTEM and magnetization measurements. 1.2 Rare-earth chromites" @default.
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• W2247017401 date "2014-09-19" @default.
• W2247017401 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2247017401 title "Electron microscopy of microwave-synthesized rare-earth chromites" @default.
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