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- W2247403332 endingPage "328" @default.
- W2247403332 startingPage "315" @default.
- W2247403332 abstract "Molecular targets for the pathological vasculature are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor axis, integrins, angiopoietins, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), as well as several intracellular or downstream effectors like protein kinase C beta and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Besides hypoxic damage or tumor cell starvation, preclinical models imply vessel independent tumor regression and suggest differential effects of anti-angiogenic treatments on tumorous and nontumorous precursor cells or the immune system. Despite compelling preclinical data and positive data in other cancers, the outcomes of clinical trials with anti-angiogenic agents in gliomas by and large have been disappointing and include VEGF blockage with bevacizumab, integrin inhibition with cilengitide, VEGF receptor inhibition with sunitinib or cediranib, PDGFR inhibition with imatinib or dasatinib, protein kinase C inhibition with enzastaurin, and mTOR inhibition with sirolimus, everolimus, or temsirolimus. Importantly, there is a lack of real understanding for this negative data. Anti-angiogenic therapies have stimulated the development of standardized imaging assessment and the integration of functional MRI sequences into daily practice. Here, we delineate directions in the identification of molecularly or image-based defined subgroups, anti-angiogenic cotreatment for immunotherapy, and the potential of ongoing trials or modified targets to change the game." @default.
- W2247403332 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W2247403332 creator A5006342344 @default.
- W2247403332 creator A5011103119 @default.
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- W2247403332 creator A5064778456 @default.
- W2247403332 creator A5080482957 @default.
- W2247403332 creator A5084473005 @default.
- W2247403332 date "2015-10-12" @default.
- W2247403332 modified "2023-10-12" @default.
- W2247403332 title "Current status and future directions of anti-angiogenic therapy for gliomas" @default.
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