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- W2247494734 abstract "A recent governmental campaign in Kinshasa, Operation Likofi, targeted the members of kolunas, gangs that had been threatening and robbing citizens in the streets since some years. Likofi means a punch in Kinshasa’s vernacular, and the term covers the feel: the police forces acted fiercely and pitilessly. Through the pervasiveness of these violent gangs, citizens had started to foster the idea that the state was no longer present, and the authorities wanted to rectify this picture by implementing a zero tolerance. Since the recent victory upon the M23 rebellions in eastern Congo, the president’s depiction had become omnipresent in Kinshasa’s public spaces and the flaunting of muscles by the Likofi campaigners was meant to underscore that the national government was still firmly in charge. Moreover, citizens were asked to actively participate in the Operation Likofi, and a 'shop a koluna' telephone line was made operational. Things soon went out of hand though, as everyone who “looked like” a koluna was harassed or imprisoned, and sometimes executed on the spot, in a previously unseen wave of violence against Kinshasa’s streetyouths in particular. Operation Likofi could be seen as a kind of punitive populism undertaken by a government which is unpopular and uncertain of its legitimacy in Kinshasa - as evidenced by attempts to link this bloody crackdown against koluna to nationalism stirred by military operations in the east. The paper discusses how those who use Kinshasa’s public spaces experienced Operation Likofi and (re)negotiated public access to the streets." @default.
- W2247494734 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2247494734 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W2247494734 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W2247494734 title "Cleansing Kinshasa's streets with punch: popular reactions to the governmental Campaign Opération Likofi" @default.
- W2247494734 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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