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• W224770985 abstract "Dedicated to J. Thomas Shaw with gratitude for his scholarship and generosity of spirit More often than not at the beginning of the nineteenth century the genre signal was used as the Russian equivalent of the French term memoires, that is, the personal record of the events and experiences of a life. (1) At one point in The Captain's Daughter, Grinev remarks pointedly that he is not writing a history of the Pugachev uprising but rather a family memoir. Ne stanu opisyvat' orenburgskuiu osadu, kotoraia prinadlezhit istorii, a ne semeistvennym zapiskam (490). The present essay has two aims: first to consider the significance of the fact that Pushkin chose to cast The Captain's Daughter as a family memoir and to write it in the voice of its hero, Petr Grinev, secondly to investigate how Pushkin actually shaped the fictional memoir into a novel. If asked about the genre of Pushkin's book, most would define it as a historical novel, and also a family novel, and add that as a literary prototype in Russia it paves the way to Tolstoy's War and Peace. But what difference does it make that Pushkin's book is written as a family memoir where the narration belongs to Grinev? What conditioned Pushkin's choice, and how did he then work out his task? This was a new departure for him, since his major previous attempts at historical fiction, The Blackamoor of Peter the Great and Dubrovsky, had both been presented in the third person. (2) The first line of approach to motivate Pushkin's use of autobiographical zapiski is that the novel gained a sense of documentary realism and a historically authentic voice in Grinev. Yet with Grinev's memoir, there is an interesting interplay of perspectives between the presumably objective fact of the found document and its subjective, personalistic presentation. What is genuine is not so much the story that is told as the person who is telling it. The second approach would be that Pushkin enriched the text by means of what is actually a dual-level structure, in which he created the character Grinev, vesting many important things in his zapiski, but ultimately reserved to the invisible author a more comprehensive novelistic viewpoint about values and events. The author does not speak, but of course is present through the artful arrangement of the plot sequence, the sustained thematic fugue on figures like gifts, or acts of pardon, and so on. The third factor that may lie behind Pushkin's decision to write the book as Grinev's family memoir is the possibility of oblique autobiographical self-expression through the of another. (3) These ideas are all valid, and would like to acknowledge them now, but go on to look somewhat differently at what the family memoir means for the novel and how it works there. Note that each of these three approaches actually places the ultimate reference point of the novel outside of Grinev, or apart from him. Grinev serves mostly as a mediator, either as a vehicle to communicate real historical consciousness, a guide introducing us into the main thing, the maze of plot and theme, or a mask concealing the ultimate prize, the self of the author. And in fact the Grinev of the novel does not privilege his memoirs as something unique to himself as an individual, but rather situates himself inside a family story, the semeistvennye zapiski. He is a rather reticent first-person narrator, but as we will see he is the key to Pushkin's enterprise of writing the book as a family memoir. Since Belinskii's early critique, Grinev has often been reproached for playing the role of an observer or passive experiencer of historical and providential events instead of being the active shaper of his own destiny. (4) One must say in his defense that quite a few episodes in the novel contradict this notion, for example, when Grinev withstands repeated challenges to serve Pugachev, when he resolutely breaks away from his post in Orenburg to rescue Masha, exclaiming I must go! …" @default.
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• W224770985 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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• W224770985 title "Pushkin's Novel the Captain's Daughter as Fictional Family Memoir" @default.
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