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• W2252114066 abstract "The goal of the present contribution is to put under scrutiny the language phenomenon commonly called ellipsis or deletion, especially from the point of view of its representation in the underlying syntactic level of a dependency based syntactic description. We first give a brief account of the treatment of ellipsis in some present day dependency-based accounts of this phenomenon (Sect. 1). The core of the paper is the treatment of ellipsis within the framework of the dependency-based formal multi-level description of language called Functional Generative Description: after an attempt at a typology of ellipsis (Sect. 2) we describe in detail some selected types of grammatical ellipsis in Czech (Sect. 3). In Sect. 4 we briefly summarize the results of our analysis. 1 Treatment of ellipsis in dependency based descriptions of language There are not many treatments of ellipsis in the framework of dependency grammar. Hudson’s original conviction presented in his ‘word grammar’ (WG, (Hudson, 1984)) was that syntactic theory could stick firmly to the surface with dependency relations linking thoroughly concrete words. Under this assumption, such elements as those for which transformational grammar has postulated deletions, traces or unpronounced pronouns such as PRO and pro were part of semantics and did not appear in syntax. In his more recent work, (Hudson, 2007), pp. 267-281 revised this rather extreme position; he presents an analysis of examples of structures such as You keep talking (sharing of subjects), or What do you think the others will bring (extraction) or case agreement in predicatives (in languages such as Icelandic and Ancient Greek, where adjectives and nouns have overt case inflection and predicative adjectives agree with the subject of their clause) demonstrating that their description cannot be relegated to semantics. He concludes that covert words have the same syntactic and semantic characteristics expected from overt words and, consequently, he refers to them as to the ’unrealized’ words. He proposes to use the same mechanism used in the WG theory: namely the ‘realization’ relation linking a word to a form, and the ‘quantity’ relation which shows how many instances of it are expected among the observed tokens. If the quantity of the word is zero then a word may be unrealized. Every word has the potential for being unrealized if the grammar requires this. An unrealized word is a dependent of a word which allows it to be unrealized, thus the parent word controls realization in the same way that it controls any property of the dependent. One of the crucial issues for a formal description of ellipsis is the specification of the extent and character of the part of the sentence that is being deleted and has to be restored. Already in the papers on deletion based on the transformational type of description it has been pointed out that the deleted element need not be a constituent in the classical understanding of the notion of constituent. A natural question offers itself whether a dependency type of description provides a more adequate specification in terms of a dependency subtree. (Osborne et al., 2012) proposed a novel unit called catena defined as a word or a combination of words that is continuous with respect to dominance. Any dependency tree or subtree (complete or partial) of a dependency tree qualifies as a catena. The authors conclude that based on the flexibility and utility of this concept, catena may be considered as the fundamental unit of syntax and they attempt to document this view by their analysis of different kinds of ellipsis (gapping, stripping, VP ellipsis, pseudogapping, sluic-" @default.
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• W2252114066 date "2015-08-01" @default.
• W2252114066 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W2252114066 title "Reconstructions of Deletions in a Dependency-based Description of Czech: Selected Issues" @default.
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