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• W2254553459 abstract "Until the midst of the 1990’s, the EU did not pay much attention to the naval and maritime issues. But this has gradually changed, and now, this particular domain gets an important place within the EU policies, notably concerning its external relations and the security of its borders. This originates in the new post-Cold War security concept and policies, which develop a strong naval and maritime component, as well as in the growing importance for the EU of the sea in general. First of all, concerning the second pillar, the development of the ESDP requires the reinforcement of the European naval device, so as to fulfil the Headline Goals 2010 criteria, notably in terms of power projection; consequently, this calls for the reinforcement of naval cooperation or even integration. Second, concerning the first and the third pillars, the European common policies in the field of maritime safety and security were strongly reinforced, notably through the creation of many specialized agencies, and the European Commission is currently studying the feasibility of creating a European Coastguard service. Given the patent academic shortage of studies concerning these issues, our paper analyses the post-Cold War era naval and maritime dimension of the EU. We discuss the significance of EU naval and maritime policies, while questioning how this “new” dimension could contribute to the power of Europe in the world. Following the disappearance of the designed and foreseeable Enemy in 1989/1991, the Europeans were obliged to revise and redefine their security policies, taking into account not only the budgetary restrictions, but also the new identified risks. In this context, the conception of national and European defence evolved officially, or sometimes tacitly, from the territorial defence of the continent and the defence of the Euro-Atlantic sea lines of communication against a massive invasion of Western Europe by the Warsaw Pact forces to a larger but less precise conception of security. The latter now includes a whole range of “risks of instability”, ranging from the terrorist threat (already noticed by NATO documents in 1991, before the first attack against the WTC in 1993) to intra-states conflicts at the borders of the European Union (EU), weapons of mass destruction proliferation, and many nonmilitary threats such as transnational criminality, illegal migration or even environmental degradation. Thus, in the post-Cold War era, we face a double reconceptualization of security, coupled with a dynamic of deterritorialization. To begin with, the process of reconceptualization of security develops on two axes. Firstly, when we look at “who is threatened”, we must not only consider the states, but also, more deeply into the states, the societies and the individuals, and, outside the states, the regional institutions (such as the EU) or the international system as a whole. Secondly, when we look at “what is threatening us”, we must go beyond the traditional conceptions of defence to include various “new threats”, which are not exclusively military. Nevertheless, there could be a kind of reciprocity between 1 Contact information: . To quote, please use the following model: GERMOND Basil, “The Naval and Maritime Dimension of the European Union”, paper presented at the Conference The EC/EU: a world security actor? An assessment after 50 years of the external actions of the EC/EU, European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS), Paris, 14-15 September 2006. 2 The first official document underlining this slide from a large-scale threat to the existence of risks of instability was the 1991 NATO Strategic Concept. The Alliance’s Strategic Concept, agreed by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council (Rome, 8 November, 1991), see I, §9." @default.
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• W2254553459 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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• W2254553459 title "The Naval and Maritime Dimension of the European Union" @default.
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