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- W225827120 abstract "IntroductionRogers (2004) points towards several discussions of if and how theory may contribute to design of new technologies. Based on her studies of how practitioners have adapted more recent theories, she points out that the practical impact currently lies mainly in singular concepts, such as affordances or personas. The processes and methods of interaction design seem like essential ways of moving beyond such singular concepts, even if this process of transferring theoretical concepts and insight of HCI research into HCI practice and interaction design often fails. In this spirit, cultural probes (Gaver, Boucher, Pennington, & Walker, 2004), participatory design strategies (Bodker, 1991; Ehn & Kyng, 1991), and prototyping approaches (Bodker, 1991; Lim, Stolterman, & Tenenberg, 2008; Mogensen, 1992), are all part of the toolbox proposed by researchers to address interaction design. Such tools may be seen as helping designers explore and characterize the design space (Jones, Floyd, & Twidale, 2008), or they dress up (Bodker & Christiansen, 1997) or prepare designers for action (Stolterman, 2008). Hanington (2010) points out that design needs to be systematic and skeptical. A solid and broad understanding of research helps designers be systematic and able to avoid bias and idiosyncrasy. However, Rogers is critical as to whether designers at large have such a solid understanding of research, and whether it is important for them to have one.As part of preparing designers for action, Stolterman (2008) discusses the role of theoretical constructs in design. Stolterman's designerly way in general addresses how to frame and explore a design space through sketching, iteration and alternatives, while emphasizing how designers need to become prepared for action through a conceptual and methodological basis. In contrast to research, design is specific and intentional, and hence the complexity of design must be dealt with differently from the complexity of research. Accordingly, Stolterman argues that designers are inclined to appreciate the following from theory: Precise and simple tools or techniques; frameworks that support reflection and decision-making; individual concepts that are intriguing and open for interpretation and reflection; and high-level theoretical and/or philosophical ideas and approaches that expand design thinking but do not prescribe design action. Similarly Bodker and Christiansen (1997) point out how theoretical ideas equip designers for action:Designers need guidelines and plans, not for total prediction, but to guide the process and come to grips with the shaping of the future artifact. They need help to assess current use, as well as to anticipate and transcend use in a planned and focused way. (p. 221)This is an elaboration on what we mean by systematic in this paper. Designers need to represent and hypothesize about artifacts and their use, and in this endeavor they need to be supported by thinking tools (Bertelsen, 2000).Underlying our interest for the application of theory to design is a concern for how Activity Theory may inform design. Rogers (2004) as well as Clemmensen and Leisner (2002) characterize Activity Theory as making contributions to interaction design, mainly through its conceptual scaffolding and an analytical framework. Rogers (2004) also refers to the criticism made of activity theoretical HCI of being overly complex and complicated. In this discussion it seems largely ignored that Activity Theory has strongly influenced how and why we think and undertake prototyping in interaction design. However, even within this framing, this paper aims to provide more systematic ways in which Activity Theory may be made useful in design.Accordingly, this paper focuses on how Activity Theory can help the designerly way of working with complex and open design spaces. In particular, this paper explores the potential ways of understanding the relationships between prototypes with respect to what aspects of human activity get explored or addressed, and what elements of the design space get opened or closed. …" @default.
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- W225827120 title "Preparing Students for (Inter-)Action with Activity Theory" @default.
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