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• W2259477798 abstract "Recent field evidence from the far northwest supports the hypothesis that man arrived in North America well before the maximum Wisconsin glaciation. The actual date of arrival is unknown, but apparently it was before 30,000 B.P. In other aspects of Early Man research, systematic survey for archaeological sites and the development of new analytical techniques have prepared the way for the definition of new culturehistorical units • My directive was to review all of the data on the prehistory of northern North America, down to 7000 or 6000 years ago, that has been accumulated in the last decade. In 1959 (Rainey and Ralph 1959) there were no archaeological radiocarbon dates older than this in the tundra or boreal forest, whereas now there are some, so for the far north I have a clear mandate to cover the entire field. Southern Canada, however, is another matter. I have not been certain where my colleagues on this symposium would draw their boundaries. But a presumptive knowledge of my own interests and limitations directs that I spend about half of my time on evidence for earliest man north of the U.S .-Canada border, and the rest of it on late Pleistocene and early postPleistocene cultures in the boreal forest and tundra. I will not attempt to deal with northern Quebec and Labrador, which have been treated by Taylor (1964) and Martijn and Rogers (1969). I. First, let us consider the evidence bearing on the first appearance of man in the New World. Helge Larsen (1968a, 1968b) has reported some very interesting material from caves near Trail Creek in the interior of Seward Peninsula, not far from Bering Straits. The caves are small fissures in limestone used intermittently as hunting camps for a very long period of time. The stratigraphy is not always clear, but I think that the results are nevertheless significant. Briefly, from the lowest levels of Cave 9 there came a series of bison bones, some of them cracked for marrow, and a calcaneus, in particular, which only could have been cracked by man. Collagen from the calcaneus has been C-14 dated at 13,070 ±280 before 1950. Collagen from a horse scapula found in front of the cave below the bison bone, and thought to have been brought to the cave by man, gave a C-14 date of 15,750 ± 3 50. There are stone implements in higher levels of the cave deposit, including lanceolate points and microblades which I will mention later, but none in the bison or horse" @default.
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• W2259477798 date "1971-01-01" @default.
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• W2259477798 title "Recent Early Man Research in the North" @default.
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