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• W2260644744 abstract "A b s t r a c t - S e v e r a l s t u d i e s o n c e r e a l s d e s t i n e d f o r a n i m a l o r h u m a n c o n s u m p t i o n i n S o u t h A f r i c a a n d A f r i c a h a v e s h o w n c o - c o n t a m i n a t i o n s o f m y c o t o x i n s . T h e r e i s e v i d e n c e t o s u g g e s t t h a t t h e s i m u l t a n e o u s a c t i o n o f d i f f e r e n t m y c o t o x i n s a t v a r i o u s c o n c e n t r a t i o n s m i g h t h a v e s y n e r g i s t i c , i n h i b i t i v e o r a d d i t i v e e f f e c t s o n h u m a n a n d a n i m a l c e l l s . T h e a i m s o f t h i s s t u d y w e r e t o i d e n t i f y c o m b i n e d c y t o t o x i c e f f e c t s o f t h r e e o f t h e m o r e c o m m o n l y o c c u r r i n g m y c o t o x i n s ( a f l a t o x i n B 1 ( A F B 1 ) f u m o n i s i n B 1 ( F B 1 ) a n d o c h r a t o x i n A ( O T A ) ) f o u n d i n S o u t h A f r i c a n a n d o t h e r f e e d s u s i n g t h e m e t h y l t h i a z o l t e t r a z o l i u m ( M T T ) c y t o t o x i c i t y a s s a y , t h e C o m e t a s s a y a n d F l o w C y t o m e t r y t o d e t e c t a p o p t o t i c a n d n e c r o t i c c e l l s a f t e r e x p o s u r e t o t h e t h r e e t o x i n s . H u m a n m o n o n u c l e a r b l o o d c e l l s ( m o n o n u c l e o c y t e s ) w e r e e x p o s e d t o t h e t h r e e m y c o t o x i n s b o t h s i n g u l a r l y a n d i n c o m b i n a t i o n s a t t w o c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( 5 a n d 4 0 n g / m l f o r O T A a n d A F B 1 a n d 5 a n d 4 0 µ g / m l f o r F B 1 ) a n d a t d i f f e r e n t e x p o s u r e t i m e o f 1 2 , 2 4 a n d 4 8 H o u r s . R e s u l t s o b t a i n e d s h o w e d c e l l v i a b i l i t y v a r i a t i o n s d e p e n d e n t o n m y c o t o x i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d t i m e o f e x p o s u r e . I n a d d i t i o n , s y n e r g i s t i c e f f e c t s w e r e a l s o o b s e r v e d a t t h e h i g h e r d o s e s o f 4 0 n g f o r O T A a n d A F B 1 ) a n d 4 0 µ g / m l f o r F B 1 o f t h e t h r e e m y c o t o x i n s c o m p a r e d t o c o m b i n a t i o n s o f l o w e r d o s e s . H o w e v e r , F B 1 s h o w e d l o w c y t o t o x i c i t y e f f e c t i n d u c i n g i n h i b i t i v e e f f e c t w h e n c o m b i n e d w i t h t h e o t h e r t w o m y c o t o x i n s . T h e s e r e s u l t s c o n f i r m s t h e h y p o t h e s i s o f p o s s i b i l i t y o f t h e t h r e e m y c o t o x i n s w h e n c o m b i n e d i n d u c e d w i t h s y n e r g i s t i c e f f e c t a n d i m p l y t h a t e x p o s u r e t o m o r e t h a n o n e m y c o t o x i n m i g h t c h a n g e t h e s y m p t o m a t o l o g y a n d s e v e r i t y o f e f f e c t s o b s e r v e d d u r i n g s i n g l e i n t o x i c a t i o n s b y m y c o t o x i n s ." @default.
• W2260644744 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W2260644744 date "2014-06-03" @default.
• W2260644744 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2260644744 title "A Study of Single and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Fumonisin B1, Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin a on Human Mononuclear Blood Cells using Different Cytotoxic Methods" @default.
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