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- W2264375789 abstract "This study challenges the conventional wisdom that Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) rulemakings are generally subjected to robust pluralistic processes by a diverse group of affected parties. The study tests for imbalance in interest group participation and influence (primarily between industry and environmental groups) in a complete set of highly technical and complex EPA pollution control rules governing hazardous air pollutant emissions. Imbalanced participation is assessed at three separate stages of the rulemaking life cycle – before the proposed rule is published, between notice and comment and the final rule, and after the final rule is published. The results reveal imbalances in interest group participation at each of these stages. At the preproposal stage, industry had an average of 83.6 informal communications with the EPA per rule; public interest groups had an average of 0.65 communications per rule. During the comment process, industry provided approximately 77% of the total comments; public interest groups provided 5%. Changes made to the final rule after notice and comment favored industry by a factor of 5 to 1 as compared to the changes benefitting the public interest. Post-final rule activity was considerable as well. Petitions and litigation occurred for 22% of the rules, with industry filings accounting for 2 times those filed by public interest groups. After promulgation of the rules, moreover, roughly 70% were revised and amended, with an average rate of over 4 revisions per rule for those that were revised at least once. The findings are consistent with other empirical research on the rulemaking process, but add to the evidence that the interest group representation model may be failing to ensure agency accountability. Specifically, imbalances in interest group participation are observed where imbalances are not typically expected (“salient” EPA rules that have a direct bearing on public health protection) and where imbalances are not typically measured (occurring prior to publication of the proposed rule and after publication of the final rule). -------------------------------------* Joe A. Worsham Centennial Professor, University of Texas School of Law; Professor Case School of Law. Contact: WWagner@law.utexas.edu (512) 232-2477. This project was funded by the University of Texas Competitive Grants Program. We thank our larger rulemaking team colleagues –David Adelman, UT; Mary Jane Angelo, UFla; and Bill West, Texas A&M -for contributing to the framing and design of this study. This study is a pilot project for a larger study that our team hopes to undertake. We also thank a small army of dedicated research assistants who worked tirelessly coding rules and dockets. We extend particular thanks to Jingli Jiang, Anu Kuwar, Lindsey Peebles, and Kedar Phadke who did the bulk of the coding work. ** Associate Professor, Director of the Rogers Program on Law and Society, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law. Contact: Kathie.Barnes@law.arizona.edu. *** Business Law and Empirical Research Specialist, The Ben C. Green Law Library, Case Law School. Contact: lisa.peters@case.edu." @default.
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- W2264375789 date "2010-01-01" @default.
- W2264375789 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2264375789 title "Industry Dominance in Publicly Important Rulemakings: An Empirical Study of EPA’s Hazardous Air Pollutant Rules" @default.
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