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- W2266734230 abstract "Studies on recent environmental change in tropical areas are generally conducted over limited time scales. This study makes a multi-temporal and multi-locational assessment over a period of 140 years, in one of the world’s most degraded areas: the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia. 300 landscapes, recorded on historical photographs, taken from 1868 onwards, were rephotographed in 2006-9 and environmental changes apparent on the paired photographs were analysed through expert rating. General tendencies in landscape changes include an improved vegetation cover, in spite of a general, poorly scientifically supported belief of an opposite trend, as well as better soil and water conservation nowadays as compared to any period of the last 140 years, with a second optimum in the early 20th century. In the Simen Mountains (above 3500 m a.s.l.), upslope shifts of the upper tree line (Erica arborea) and of the upper cultivation limits of barley and potatoes are observed both inside and outside the National Park. These upslope shifts are observed since the 1970s and are probably related to global warming. In other mountain ranges, grazing pressure is greater and no change to the tree line could be observed though an upslope shift of crop species (wheat) was noted. At lower elevations, increased vegetation cover is the result of farmer initiatives as of the 1930s and intense rehabilitation activities since the 1980s. The implementation of physical soil and water conservation (stone and soil bunds, check dams) follows the same trend. Regional variations occurring in these trends are observed and discussed. The findings are substantiated by field investigations. The positive changes that result from these conservation activities in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands are an issue of global concern as they show that (1) in this study area direct human impact on the environment has so far been more important than potential effects of climate change and (2) severe land degradation should not always be irreversible." @default.
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- W2266734230 date "2011-01-01" @default.
- W2266734230 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2266734230 title "Are changes in north Ethiopian mountain landscapes over the last 140 years caused by changing climate, or by human-induced degradation and rehabilitation?" @default.
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