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- W2267546314 abstract "INTRODUCTION Avian (IB), an OIE-listed disease caused by coronavirus IBV, is an acute, contagious disease characterised primarily by respiratory signs in growing chickens; in broilers, production losses are due to poor weight gains, condemnation at processing and mortality, whilst in laying birds, losses are due to decreased egg production and poor egg quality. Infectious bronchitis has a signifi cant economic impact and it is distributed globally (1). Some strains of the IBV are nephropathogenic and produce interstitial nephritis and mortality of up to 25%. Strains of the virus vary in the extent to which they cause pathology in nonrespiratory organs. Replication at enteric surfaces is considered to not normally result in clinical disease, although it does result in faecal excretion of the virus (2). Besides chickens, it was thought that pheasants are the only other species reported to be naturally affected but evidence is increasing that IBV has a wider host range – and not only in galliform birds e.g. the peafowl but also in non-galliform birds e.g. the teal (3). There have been no reports of human infection with IBV. IBV has an enormous capacity to change both by spontaneous mutation and by genetic recombination (4). Although many countries share some common antigenic types, IBV strains within a geographic region are unique and distinct, examples are Europe, the United States of America and Australia (5). Commercially available IBV vaccines are live attenuated or inactivated. Many countries only permit live vaccines of the Massachusetts (Mass) type such as H120. Some countries may also have licensed vaccines to other live strains such as Connecticut, Arkansas, or Delaware 072 (USA) or the 4/91 (Europe). Vaccination-challenge tests have shown that the commercially available H120 vaccine did not provide suffi cient protection against challenge with the QX-like isolates. The prevalence of variant Infectious Bronchitis (IB) serotypes must fi rst be determined before contemplating the use of a vaccine containing these viruses. LoANTIBODY PATTERNS OF INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS IN VACCINATED FLOCKS WITH CLINICAL SIGNS" @default.
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- W2267546314 date "2012-01-01" @default.
- W2267546314 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2267546314 title "Antibody patterns of infectious bronchitis in vaccinated flocks with clinical signs." @default.
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