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• W2270373700 abstract "published in 2009 [10]. Since then, metabolomics were analyzed: in plasma of pregnant women, urine of pregnant women and neonates, amniotic fluid, placenta, vaginal secretion, and cord blood in few studies. Different technologies have been adopted: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) [9].One of recent investigations performed metabolomic analyses in plasma samples between 14-16 weeks of gestation from women who had subsequently developed PE and the control cases. 457 candidate biomarker metabolite peaks has been defined. 70 metabolomics were successfully identified chemically as known metabolites, of which 45 were “unique” in the sense of being defined molecular entities. They belonged to 11 different classes of known metabolites. These were amino acids, carbohydrates, carnitines, eicosanoids, fatty acids, keto or hydroxyl acids, lipids, phospholipids, porphyrins, phosphatidylserine, and steroids. The Genetic Algorithm chose totally 14 metabolites as metabolite signature of PE. At a 90% detection rate, the estimated false positive rate (FRP) of subsequent PE for the discovery data and validation data were 21% and 24%. The predictive power of the 14-metabolite rule is compared highly favorably with that of other proposed first trimester screening tests, including those based on first trimester levels of placental hormones, such as placental protein 13 and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A [11].According to another investigation, blood samples from women with singleton pregnancies between 11–14 weeks of gestation had been studied. Totally were analyzed 40 acylcarnitine species (C2-C18 saturated, unsaturated, and hydroxylated) and 32 amino acids. In the cases with blood samples from women who had subsequently developed PE compared to the control cases, metabolites identified in first-trimester maternal serum adjusted for maternal BMI, diabetes and ethnicity were: 1 form of acylcarnitine (hydroxyhexanoylcarnitine (C6OH)) and 3 amino acids (phenylalanine, glutamate, alanine), but since the acylcarnitine levels were only weakly significantly different between cases with PE and the control group, attention was focused only on 3 main amino acids. The area under the curves (AUC) for this limited model was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.72–0.88) with a similar detection rate for all PE at the different FPRs. Even though this study had a limitation due to the small sample size, it proved once again a potential role for first-trimester metabolomics in screening for PE [12].Further case-control studies in this direction revealed a possibility to use the first trimester metabolomic analyses alone or in combination with maternal characteristics and first-trimester uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (PI) to predict the risk of early-onset PE. Comparisons of blood samples at 11-13 weeks of gestation, between women who had subsequently developed early-onset preeclampsia (requiring delivery before 34 weeks of gestation) and Major pregnancy complications, such are: preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, late spontaneous abortion, and placental abruption, are associated with defective deep placentation [1]. Furthermore, 3 clinical conditions: preeclampsia (PE), placental abruption and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has been recently termed ischemic placental disease (IPD) implying common biological pathways of these conditions: poor placentation in early pregnancy leading to uteroplacental under perfusion and insufficiency along with hypoxia and placental ischemia [2]. According to recent investigations, among term births at least with 1 condition 4.5% present with all 3 conditions, and1.0% has 2 conditions of IPD, whereas in preterm births between 22-36 weeks of gestation, these indices are increased to 12.1% and 4.7%, respectively [3]. Different interesting studies investigated and proposed strategies for first trimester/antenatal suspicion of IPD by using combination of maternal characteristics, Doppler examinations and biomarkers [4-6], but still there is a necessity to search for new highly sensitive and specific reliable biomarkers to detect IPD in the first trimester of pregnancy in order to avoid the risk of perinatal and maternal mortality and long-term morbidity [7,8].“Omics” family of technologies implies the most contemporary study methodologies proposing a highly reliable and simultaneous analysis of biological molecules. They are important in prediction of diseases by searching for the disease-specific biomarkers. Moreover, there is necessity for the deeper understanding of the diseases pathophysiology and the development of molecularly targeted specific therapies, and “Omics” technologies might have importance in achieving these goals. Any molecule less than 1 kDa in mass can be sorted out by metabolomics technology as a single final product of active/inactive genes in a given condition (genome), its activation (mRNA transcriptome), the setup of enzymatic machineries (proteome), and their actual biological processes [9].Recent studies have been focused on use of metabolomics (metabonomics) as well as the related metabolic fingerprinting in obstetrics and gynecology with the special emphasize on normal and complicated pregnancies. The first review on this topic had been" @default.
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• W2270373700 date "2014-07-24" @default.
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• W2270373700 title "In Search of New First Trimester Biomarkers for Ischemic Placental Disease" @default.
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