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• W2270551462 abstract "The efficacy of an earth tube used conjointly with a water-to-air heat exchanger for greenhouse environmental control was tested in Riverside, CA. Greenhouses by their nature with large surface area and minimal insulation to block thermo radiation make temperature maintenance difficult when ambient temperatures are outside the optimum range. The air within the test greenhouse, a small 2.13 m x 2.13 m x 3.66 m (7’ x 7’ x 12’) reinforced nylon mesh vinyl-covered unit, was drawn in through one end of the earth tube and blown out the opposing end, then moved through a water-to-air heat exchanger to aid in greenhouse temperature management. Pumped water from a well went through the water-to-air heat exchanger, delivering the heat transferable charge to reduce/increase the thermal load of the greenhouse. The earth tube placed 2.44 meters (8 ft) below the surface offered additional heat transfer to further assist with an ideal greenhouse environment. The study demonstrated that an earth tube combined with a water-to-air heat exchanger achieved a temperature drop between air entry and exit points of about -1.1°C (30°F) on an August day with outdoor temperature of 41.1°C (106°F). Literature Review/Introduction The cooling and heating of greenhouses can be expensive and difficult to control in areas where ambient temperatures fall far below or high above the desired in-house temperatures. Modern greenhouse cooling/heating methods may include ventilation, fan and pad, fog cooling, and convection tube cooling (Nelson 2003). These systems all serve to control in-house temperatures, but may not conserve resources like electrical energy, or, particularly, water that is a precious commodity in arid regions. The use of earth tubes and water-to-air heat exchangers may mitigate portions of the considerable cost for environmental control. Ghosal and Tiwari (2006) state that heating and cooling of a greenhouse is one of the most energy-consuming operations for protected cultivation. Many researchers have examined the use of Earth-Air-Heat-Exchangers (EAHE), or earth tubes, to aid in transferring heat from greenhouses and other structures by moving hot air underground through a buried pipe. Sharan and Jadhav (2003) tested a single pass earth-tube in Ahmedabad, India, and achieved a significant temperature drop (stated as much as 14°C/ 57°F) in the warmest season for that area. Sethi and Sharma (2008) surveyed and evaluated all of the traditional heating/cooling systems used worldwide for greenhouses, but the possibility of waterto-air heat exchangers was not addressed. Levit, Gaspar, & Piacentini (1989) conducted an earth tube heat exchanger study in Argentina, where producers typically burn coal to heat, and either whitewash or openly ventilate their greenhouses for cooling. In a 1995 review of literature regarding passive heat transfer, Jacovides and Mihalakakou stated that earth-to-air heat exchangers contributed significantly to buildings’ and greenhouses’ energy needs. Bojic, Papadakis, & Kyritsis (1997) tested a two pipe system that allowed for heated air to be used in the winter, and cooled air for cooling during the summer. Their study did not involve a" @default.
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• W2270551462 date "2011-12-01" @default.
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• W2270551462 title "Testing the Potential for an Earth Tube and Water-to-Air Heat Exchanger System for the Cooling and Heating of Greenhouses" @default.
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