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- W2271492545 abstract "The 1995-96 eruptions of Mt Ruapehu caused significant changes to the crater area, which have important implications for the hazard from future lahars when the lake refills. A 7m thick layer of tephra (weak ash and scoria) now covers the lake outlet area, creating a situation similar to that after the 1945 eruptions, which led to the 1953 Tangiwai lahar disaster after collapse of a tephra barrier retaining the lake. Simulation flow modelling has shown that a future tephra barrier collapse (dam-break) lahar from Crater Lake will in the worst case be 54-72% larger in the Whangaehu River at the Tangiwai rail bridge. The flow is expected to be greater than the 1953 lahar because glacial recession has removed the Crater Basin Glacier and ice tunnel, which for that event restricted outflow from the breach at the lake outlet. Some of the future lahar (-7%) is expected to overflow into the Waikato Stream, Tongariro River, and Lake Taupo. Overall, the lahar could cause greater damage to bridges, roads, and power lines than has occurred in the past, and significant environmental damage in affected catchments and Lake Taupo. After public consultation and consideration of a range of options to mitigate hazards from a future dam-break lahar from Ruapehu, an acoustic warning system to prevent loss of life, and a bund to prevent overflow into Waikato Stream and Lake Taupo was recommended by the Department of Conservation. There was only limited support for a trench at the Crater Lake outlet (a pristine area of Tongariro National Park), although that option would prevent damage to infrastructure sites along the Whangaehu River, as well as prevent loss of life. The Minister of Conservation has recently approved installation of an Eastern Ruapehu Lahar Alarm System (ERLAS), and construction of a bund to prevent overflow into Waikato Stream. These measures will reduce risk to lives and environmental contamination from lahars on the east side of Ruapehu, including those generated by future eruptions and dam breaks, but they will not prevent possible damage to infrastructure." @default.
- W2271492545 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W2271492545 date "2001-01-01" @default.
- W2271492545 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W2271492545 title "Assessment and Mitigation of Dam-break Lahar Hazards from Mt Ruapehu Crater Lake Following the 1995-96 Eruptions" @default.
- W2271492545 hasPublicationYear "2001" @default.
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