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- W2272255153 abstract "In early modern Malta, as in the rest of Europe, there existed two major systems by which one could explain health and sickness, life and death or, general success and failure in everyday life. The first was religious in nature and it was based on the general belief that God’s omnipresence in the world served as an active force in which the good were rewarded and the impious were punished. God showed his hand on the malevolence of the world in the devastation caused by warring activities or, the infliction of famine and plague. It was believed that the only way these scourges could be controlled was by resorting to supernatural power. Belief in supernatural healing may have been largely circular reasoning but since it was largely ecclesiastical in nature it was believed to be supernatural. It had a vast spiritual and therapeutic effect on the majority of the people. The other view was that put forward by learned medicine based as it was on natural philosophy, which it largely borrowed from the Graeco-Roman world of antiquity and adapted to the Christian tradition. It was a view in which elements and humours were believed to govern everything in the natural world from meteorology to medicine. Pseudo-sciences such as astrology, magic and alchemy formed an integral part of the worldview and claimed to offer ways to understand and control the environment. In essence learned medicine was little different from popular magical healing since the practitioners had no real understanding of the circulation of blood, the nervous system, the digestive system nor anything else. The prescriptions they prepared were of little or no help and were indeed often potentially lethal. In order to give the impression that they were doing something useful they normally subjected their patients to a regime of emetics, purges and bleeding, as the normal forms of intervention available. The local medical practitioners provided a very fragmented version of natural philosophy. Nonetheless one must admit that for all their weaknesses the medicinal healing of the times had a very powerful effect on the world-view of people from all social levels. However the most useful and widespread official practitioners were probably not the highly educated physicians but rather the barber-surgeons, who had considerable practical skills in dealing with fractures, wounds, abscesses and a range of other medical complaints." @default.
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- W2272255153 date "2008-01-01" @default.
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- W2272255153 title "Medical pluralism and its impact on illness in 16th and 17th century Malta" @default.
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