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• W2272462080 abstract "Expression of an imprinted gene depends on the sex of the parent from which it was inherited. Consequently, reciprocal heterozygotes may display different mean phenotypes and this difference affects many genetic properties of both natural populations and experimental crosses. Although the mammalian genome contains a relatively small number of imprinted genes, many of these contribute significantly to important aspects of the phenotype, including growth and development. The past few years has seen development of an increasing number of methods aiming to identify imprinting at loci involved in the development of complex traits. This review considers a number of such approaches, including cases where marker information is and is not available. The application and utility of these approaches is also discussed. Introduction A gene is imprinted when its level of expression is dependent on the sex of the parent from which it was inherited. Imprinted loci are characterized by the reduced or absence of expression of either the paternally or maternally derived allele at a particular developmental stage or in a specific tissue type. Complete inactivation of an imprinted gene results in functional haploidy, with only one of the two copies of a gene expressed. More generally, however, imprinting results in the functional nonequivalence of reciprocal heterozygotes: inheriting an A1 allele from one’s mother and an A2 allele from one’s father gives a different phenotype, on average, than the reverse inheritance pattern. Approximately 83 imprinted genes have been identified in mammals, including 41 in humans, and many of these genes are thought to be involved in traits such as growth and development [Morison et al., 2005]. A number of approaches have been used to demonstrate imprinting of specific genes or chromosomal regions, including examining differences between gynogenetic and androgenetic embryos, differences between triploids where the extra set of chromosomes are maternally or paternally derived, chromosome deletions, uniparental disomies, transgene expression" @default.
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• W2272462080 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W2272462080 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W2272462080 title "Quantitative Genetic Models for Genomic Imprinting" @default.
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