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• W227291244 abstract "post-Holocaust decades of 1940s and1950s found Saul Bellow a relatively inexperienced still passionately committed to idealistic humanistic agendas, and unconvinced that utopian radical politics held answer to mankind's ills. As his left-leaning political idealism faded, he withdrew from Parlisan Review crowd, beginning his move toward entrenched conservatism he is now either vilified or praised for. His goal was not only to make his mark on letters, but to make it in international arena as well. His two abiding goals were to mount a passionate defense of human creature and simultaneously supplant monumental, skeptical, modernist naysayer Ernest Hemingway. He rode into literary history on tidal wave of Decades, 1950s, which breached forever WASP hegemony in letters. Along with his cadre, he was greeted with a pejorative designation: Jewish-American ethnic writer, not American writer. Already disaffiliated from his Jewishness by his unhappy family life, he further disaffiliated himself from this parochial put-down. Perhaps he even wondered if writing about Holocaust, still a topic in minds of many, might further ethnicize him in eyes of international literary community. Bellow's subsequent mea culpas for his early disaffiliation from Judaism and for his failure to write about Holocaust sooner are now a matter of historical record. These admissions lie scattered throughout his post-1970s essays, lectures, interviews, family conversations, and fiction, which, taken together, represent a genuine atonement. spiritual integrity of this process was such that it precluded his offering further explanations. In this essay, I want to historicize, complicate, and dignify issue of Bellow's writerly delay by examining atmosphere that prevailed during immediate post-Holocaust decades of Bellow's 1940s and '50s literary debut and by revisiting Bellow's own psychological and metaphysical journey. From vantage point of 1960s, many commentators accused Jews of having been impotent in face of National Socialism, ground down by trenchantly anti-Semitic Roosevelt-State-Department America, lacking in social cohesion, and generally too comfortable in suburbs. Other commentators accused Jews of religious disunity, stunned disbelief, and undue discouragement over failure of 1938 Evian conference to facilitate Jewish refugees. Nativism flourished--even Chinese immigrants, previously denied any rights to citizenship, were now more desirable citizens than Jews. Organized boycotts of German goods, people argued, were too little too late. Even Zionist movement stood accused of weak leadership and fracturing from within. Judaic humanism, now thought by some to have been overly idealist in face of Holocaust, could not guarantee a rational future for Jews after Auschwitz. From vantage point of 1960s, Leon Jick wrote his influential essay The Holocaust--Its Uses and Abuses in Public, claiming that American sought to forget, and had rendered Holocaust a barely remembered, rarely mentioned event, of interest only to survivors (308-09). Edward Shapiro in A Time for Healing: since World War II, reported that was relatively little discussion among Jews about fate of European Jewry (5), and Gerald Sorin claimed there had been a conspiracy of silence (217). By 1970s, Jack Wertheimer insisted that problem was not so much moral abdication and amnesia as fact that the trauma of Holocaust [was] buried in Jewish psyche [and took a very long time to] erupt into public consciousness (7). Edward Alexander further lamented that the Jewish community was simultaneously most powerful and powerless in world, and that it had tragically abnegated responsibility for its brethren at crucial moment (122). …" @default.
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• W227291244 date "2007-09-22" @default.
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• W227291244 title "Saul Bellow and the holocaust moment" @default.
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