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- W227305886 abstract "Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), also known as cellular immunity, is a historical definition that now serves to distinguish immune responses that are mediated by cells at the effector phase from those mediated by antibodies in the humoral arm of the immune response. Regulation of immunity also uses a number of common mechanistic approaches involving molecular and cellular players that can function in both the humoral and cell-mediated immune systems. The classic TH1 cytokines--IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-β or lymphotoxin (LT)--favor CMI, including inflammation and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. DTH reactions contrast with immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as those mediating allergies, and manifest themselves within minutes of contact with antigen. Granulomas are organized inflammatory tissues characteristic of ongoing DTH reactions that are made in response to chronic infectious or other antigenic stimuli. T-cell-mediated cytolysis of target cells, particularly that by MHC class I-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), constitutes one of the earliest described and perhaps best mechanistically characterized systems of cytotoxic effector cells. Eosinophil antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of helminthic parasites appears to occur primarily via secretion of the toxic basic granule-derived protein, probably supplemented by production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, proteolytic enzymes, and other toxic substances possessed in common with PMNs and monocytes/macrophages. Overall, CMI is a potent and necessary component of immune resistance to a variety of pathogenic microbes, and the loss of CMI function in diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) leads to very high susceptibility to opportunistic infections and their consequences." @default.
- W227305886 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W227305886 date "2015-09-25" @default.
- W227305886 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W227305886 title "Cell-Mediated Immunity" @default.
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- W227305886 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555816148.ch16" @default.
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