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• W2273503505 abstract "The climate and energy package is a set of binding legislations which aims to ensure the European Union meets its ambitious climate and energy targets for 2020. These targets, known as the 20-20-20 targets, have set three key objectives: a 20% reduction in the EU greenhouse gas emissions, a 20% rise in the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources and a 20% improvement in the energy efficiency. More renewable energies will enable the EU to lower greenhouse emissions and make it less dependent on imported energy. Boosting the industry of renewables will encourage technological innovation and employment in Europe. On this topic, photovoltaic facades are known to be a solution that allows both energy efficiency and environmental performance of buildings. This paper reports on a study of facade systems that have incorporated photovoltaic panels, considering computational simulations for Portugal. The main objective is to analyze the characteristics and parameters that define more efficient systems based on computer simulations carried out by Solterm 5.0. The results show the high potential of the use of the proposed technology in Portugal, especially in the Southern region, because of its latitude. Regarding energy efficiency and environmental performance, inclined polycrystalline silicon solar panels achieved the best results and the most efficient panel was Kyocera KC167G-2, followed by BP 3160. The comparison between simulation results and results provided in the literature shows that the use of computer programs is viable to the analysis of the energy efficiency of photovoltaic systems in facades. for Dif erent Latitudes silicon cells consist of a large number of small crystals as thick as a human hair and their manufacturing process is cheaper than that of crystalline silicon (Figure 2) (ALTENER, 2004). The amorphous silicon cells (thin films) are made on a support of glass or other synthetic material, onto which a thin layer of silicon is deposited. The efficiency of this type of cell is lower than that of the crystalline cell, but the current produced is reasonable (Figure 3). Among the thin films is also the CdTe cell. CdTe material has been used for applications to calculators and solar modules. These modules, usually in the form of glass panels in a brown / dark blue tone, display a good aesthetic aspect. The production cost of a CdTe cell is low for a large-scale production and this technology has emerged as a major competitor in the market for photovoltaic energy production. Its high efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electric energy is one of its main attractions (Figure 4). Another competitor in the photovoltaic market, also in integrated applications to buildings is the solar cells fabricated from the family of compounds based on copper indium diselenide (CulnSe2 or simply CIS) and diselenide, copper indium gallium (Cu (InGa) Se2, or simply CIGS), mainly because of their potential to achieve relatively high efficiencies. Among the commercially available thin films, CIGS modules have shown the best photovoltaic performance, therefore many companies have been investing in this technology (Rutter, 2004). Differently from traditional silicon cells, CIGS cells can be printed on a material roll, facilitating their transport and installation. Their civil construction uses are limitless and they can be applied to facades, roofs, awnings, etc. (Figure 5). Figure 1. Monocrystalline silicon cell. Figure 2. Polycrystalline silicon cell. Figure 3. ThinFilm. Figure 4. CdTe Cell. Figure 5. CIGS Cell. Table 1 shows the efficiency of each technology presented and other types of recent cells. Table 1. Maximum Efficiency of Photovoltaic Technologies" @default.
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• W2273503505 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W2273503505 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2273503505 title "Energy efficiency of photovoltaic façade for different latitudes in Portugal" @default.
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